ArticlePloS one2016
Prescribing of Antidiabetic Medicines before, during and after Pregnancy: A Study in Seven European Regions.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metformin Exposure in Pregnancy and Childhood Developmental Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Maternal Metformin Administration During the Pre-Gestation Period Improves Transient Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Male Offspring Rats.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Article
- Antidiabetic Therapy during Pregnancy: The Prescription Pattern in Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Antidiabetic Medication Utilisation before and during Pregnancy in Switzerland between 2012 and 2019: An Administrative Claim Database from the MAMA Cohort.Journal of diabetes research · 2023Article
- The use of glucose-lowering medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy in the United States.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2022Article
- Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, early pregnancy behaviours, and livebirth outcomes as congenital heart defects risk factors - Northern Ireland 2010-2014.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Controversies in Gestational Diabetes.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Trends and associated maternal characteristics of antidiabetic medication use among pregnant women in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Our data, our society, our health: A vision for inclusive and transparent health data science in the United Kingdom and beyond.Learning health systems · 2019Article
- Maternal High Fat Diet and in-Utero Metformin Exposure Significantly Impact upon the Fetal Renal Proteome of Male Mice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- The Role of European Healthcare Databases for Post-Marketing Drug Effectiveness, Safety and Value Evaluation: Where Does Italy Stand?Drug safety · 2019Review
- Antidiabetic medication use during pregnancy: an international utilization study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2019Observational
- Metformin exposure in first trimester of pregnancy and risk of all or specific congenital anomalies: exploratory case-control study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Article
- Article
- The effects of prenatal metformin on obesogenic diet-induced alterations in maternal and fetal fatty acid metabolism.Nutrition & metabolism · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 12 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo explore antidiabetic medicine prescribing to women before, during and after pregnancy in different regions of Europe.
methodsA common protocol was implemented across seven databases in Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands, Italy (Emilia Romagna/Tuscany), Wales and the rest of the UK. Women with a pregnancy starting and ending between 2004 and 2010, (Denmark, 2004-2009; Norway, 2005-2010; Emilia Romagna, 2008-2010), which ended in a live or stillbirth, were identified. Prescriptions for antidiabetic medicines issued (UK) or dispensed (non-UK) during pregnancy and/or the year before or year after pregnancy were identified. Prescribing patterns were compared across databases and over calendar time.
results1,082,673 live/stillbirths were identified. Pregestational insulin prescribing during the year before pregnancy ranged from 0.27% (CI95 0.25-0.30) in Tuscany to 0.45% (CI95 0.43-0.47) in Norway, and increased between 2004 and 2009 in all countries. During pregnancy, insulin prescribing peaked during the third trimester and increased over time; third trimester prescribing was highest in Tuscany (2.2%) and lowest in Denmark (0.5%). Of those prescribed an insulin during pregnancy, between 50.5% in Denmark and 88.8% in the Netherlands received an insulin analogue alone or in combination with human insulin, this proportion increasing over time. Oral products were mainly metformin and prescribing was highest in the 3 months before pregnancy. Metformin use during pregnancy increased in some countries.
conclusionPregestational diabetes is increasing in many areas of Europe. There is considerable variation between and within countries in the choice of medication for treating pregestational diabetes in pregnancy, including choice of insulin analogues and oral antidiabetics, and very large variation in the treatment of gestational diabetes despite international guidelines.
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