Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27192226›Full record

ArticleOptics letters2016

Bit-efficient, sub-millisecond wavefront measurement using a lock-in camera for time-reversal based optical focusing inside scattering media.

Yan Liu, Cheng Ma, Yuecheng Shen, Lihong V Wang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Optics letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yan Liu
Cheng Ma
Yuecheng Shen
Lihong V Wang

Funding

PHOTON TUNNELING: SHEDDING NEW LIGHT ON BIOMEDICINEDP1EB016986 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, LIHONG · 2012 to 2016
$3.8M
IN VIVO IMAGING OF SINGLE CIRCULATING CELLSR01CA186567 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, LIHONG · 2013 to 2017
$3.6M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA186567NIBIB NIH HHS DP1 EB016986
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Time-reversed ultrasonically encoded optical focusing measures the wavefront of ultrasonically tagged light, and then phase conjugates the tagged light back to the ultrasonic focus, thus focusing light deep inside the scattering media. In previous works, the speed of wavefront measurement was limited by the low frame rates of conventional cameras. In addition, these cameras used most of their bits to represent an informationless background when the signal-to-background ratio was low, resulting in extremely low efficiencies in the use of bits. Here, using a lock-in camera, we increase the bit efficiency and reduce the data transfer load by digitizing only the signal after rejecting the background. With this camera, we obtained the wavefront of ultrasonically tagged light after a single frame of measurement taken within 0.3 ms, and focused light in between two diffusers. The phase sensitivity has reached 0.51 rad even when the SBR is 6×10

Identifiers

PMID27192226
PMCPMC4874255

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.