ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2016
Immunological Signaling During Herpes Simplex Virus-2 and Cytomegalovirus Vaginal Shedding After Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Herpesviruses Reactivation and Systemic Inflammation Before and After Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy Among Women with HIV in Rakai, Uganda.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Cytomegalovirus Viremia Predicts Postdischarge Mortality in Kenyan HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Prospective International Study of Incidence and Predictors of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome and Death in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Severe Lymphopenia.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- The Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on the Vaginal Microbiome in HIV-Infected Women.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Elevated cytomegalovirus IgG antibody levels are associated with HIV-1 disease progression and immune activation.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Article
- Penile Immune Activation and Risk of HIV Shedding: A Prospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Replication of CMV in the gut of HIV-infected individuals and epithelial barrier dysfunction.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vaginal proinflammatory cytokine expression during herpes virus reactivation was examined in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women before and after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Vaginal swabs were screened for levels of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon-γ. The relative risk (RR) of herpes simplex virus-2 or cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding being associated with cytokine levels above the median were estimated. Herpes simplex virus-2 shedding was significantly associated with higher levels of IL-6 (RR = 1.4, P = .003) and TNF-α (RR = 1.3, P = .010), whereas CMV shedding was associated with higher IL-6 (RR = 1.3, P = .006) and IL-2 (RR = 1.4, P = .01). The association of viral shedding with higher IL-6 levels suggests that herpes virus reactivation may be playing a role in immune activation after ART initiation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.