ReviewNeural plasticity2016
Form and Function of Sleep Spindles across the Lifespan.
Review in Neural plasticity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 179 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-invasive canine electroencephalography (EEG): a systematic review.BMC veterinary research · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of drug efficacy in adult vs pediatric trials of patients with PGTC seizures.Neurology · 2020Pooled it
- Sleep and prematurity: sleep outcomes in preterm children and influencing factors.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2019Pooled it
- Association of vitamin D and B12 levels with actigraphic sleep in cognitively unimpaired middle-aged and older adults.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Sleep-Related Respiratory Disruption is Associated with Altered Spindle Morphology and Poorer Attention in Children.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Differences in sleep spindles and polysomnography in humans: a meta-analysis on the influence of age, sex, and cognitive ability.Frontiers in sleep · 2026Review
- Exploratory associations of sleep spindles and sleep disordered breathing indices with hippocampal and thalamic volume, and cortical thickness, and cerebrovascular biomarkers among community dwelling older adults: results from the Brain in Motion Study.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2026Article
- Nightly variations in sleep quality and next-day cognitive performance: an in-home study in healthy older adults.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities as Neurophysiological Biomarkers of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: From Cellular Mechanisms and Neural Circuits to Clinical Implications.Biological psychiatry · 2025Review
- Infant sleep EEG features at 4 months as biomarkers of neurodevelopment at 18 months.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- OpenSpindleNet: An open-source deep learning network for reliable sleep spindle detection in scalp and intracranial EEG.Computers in biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Deep Magnetoencephalography via Thalamo-Cortical Sleep Spindles.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Sleep Spindle Abnormalities in Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disability: Insights From Nap Polysomnography.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025Article
- Article
- Pediatric sleep electrophysiology: Using polysomnography in developmental cognitive neuroscience.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025Review
- Impact of spindle-inspired transcranial alternating current stimulation during a nap on sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation in healthy older adults.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Neurophysiological effects of targeting sleep spindles with closed-loop auditory stimulation.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Sleep spindle density and morphology are resilient to post-traumatic gray matter volume loss.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2025Article
- Sleep Across the Lifespan: A Neurobehavioral Perspective.Current sleep medicine reports · 2025Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since the advent of EEG recordings, sleep spindles have been identified as hallmarks of non-REM sleep. Despite a broad general understanding of mechanisms of spindle generation gleaned from animal studies, the mechanisms underlying certain features of spindles in the human brain, such as "global" versus "local" spindles, are largely unknown. Neither the topography nor the morphology of sleep spindles remains constant throughout the lifespan. It is likely that changes in spindle phenomenology during development and aging are the result of dramatic changes in brain structure and function. Across various developmental windows, spindle activity is correlated with general cognitive aptitude, learning, and memory; however, these correlations vary in strength, and even direction, depending on age and metrics used. Understanding these differences across the lifespan should further clarify how these oscillations are generated and their function under a variety of circumstances. We discuss these issues, and their translational implications for human cognitive function. Because sleep spindles are similarly affected in disorders of neurodevelopment (such as schizophrenia) and during aging (such as neurodegenerative conditions), both types of disorders may benefit from therapies based on a better understanding of spindle function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.