Trial reportThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics2016
The γ-Secretase Modulator, BMS-932481, Modulates Aβ Peptides in the Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Healthy Volunteers.
Open access · hybridAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacology of nivegacetor (RG6289), a potent and selective gamma secretase modulator in clinical development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- New precision medicine avenues to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease from insights into the structure and function of γ-secretases.The EMBO journal · 2024Review
- Gamma-secretase modulators: a promising route for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- The gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases: revisiting possible therapeutic targets for cannabidiol.Heliyon · 2022Review
- Turning the tide on Alzheimer's disease: modulation of γ-secretase.Cell & bioscience · 2022Review
- The Development of Pharmacological Therapies for Alzheimer's Disease.Neurology and therapy · 2021Review
- Preclinical validation of a potent γ-secretase modulator for Alzheimer's disease prevention.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Fluid Candidate Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: A Precision Medicine Approach.Journal of personalized medicine · 2020Review
- A mechanistic hypothesis for the impairment of synaptic plasticity by soluble Aβ oligomers from Alzheimer's brain.Journal of neurochemistry · 2020Review
- Recent developments of small molecule γ-secretase modulators for Alzheimer's disease.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of a γ-Secretase Modulator, PF-06648671, on CSF Amyloid-β Peptides in Randomized Phase I Studies.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Article
- Neuroprotective Approach of Anti-Cancer Microtubule Stabilizers Against Tauopathy Associated Dementia: Current Status of Clinical and Preclinical Findings.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2019Review
- γ-Secretase and its modulators: Twenty years and beyond.Neuroscience letters · 2019Review
- Identification and Preclinical Evaluation of the Bicyclic Pyrimidine γ-Secretase Modulator BMS-932481.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2019Article
- NGP 555, a γ-secretase modulator, shows a beneficial shift in the ratio of amyloid biomarkers in human cerebrospinal fluid at safe doses.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2019Article
- Current state of Alzheimer's fluid biomarkers.Acta neuropathologica · 2018Review
- Decoding the synaptic dysfunction of bioactive human AD brain soluble Aβ to inspire novel therapeutic avenues for Alzheimer's disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2018Article
- Pharmacological and Toxicological Properties of the Potent OralThe Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2017Article
- Phenotypic Screening Identifies Modulators of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Human Stem Cell Models of Alzheimer's Disease.Stem cell reports · 2017Article
- NGP 555, a γ-Secretase Modulator, Lowers the Amyloid Biomarker, AβAlzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Holly D SoaresBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.) holly.soares@bms.com.
Maciej GasiorBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Jeremy H ToynBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Jun-Sheng WangBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Quan HongBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Flora BerishaBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Michael T FurlongBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Joseph RaybonBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Kimberley A LentzBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Francis SweeneyBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Naiyu ZhengBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Billy AkinsanyaBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Robert M BermanBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Lorin A ThompsonBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Richard E OlsonBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
John MorrisonBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Dieter M DrexlerBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
John E MacorBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Charlie F AlbrightBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Michael K AhlijanianBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Malaz AbuTarifBristol-Myers Squibb, Lawrence Township, New Jersey (H.D.S., J.R., K.A.L., N.Z., B.A., J.M., J.E.M., M.A.); Teva Pharmaceuticals, Frazer, Pennsylvania (M.G.); Bristol-Myers Squibb, Wallingford, Connecticut (J.H.T., L.A.T., R.E.O., D.M.D., C.F.A., M.K.A.); GSK Consumer Healthcare, Parsippany, New Jersey (J.-S.W.); Eisai, Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey (Q.H.); Kyowa Hakko Kirin Pharma, Princeton, New Jersey (F.B.); FORUM Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, Massachusetts (M.T.F.); Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut (F.S.); and Biohaven Medical Services, New Haven, Connecticut (R.M.B.).
Bristol-Myers Squibb (United States) · USEisai (United States) · USTeva Pharmaceuticals (United States) · USGlaxoSmithKline (United States) · USPfizer (United States) · USBiohaven Pharmaceuticals (United States) · US
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of BMS-932481, a γ-secretase modulator (GSM), were tested in healthy young and elderly volunteers after single and multiple doses. BMS-932481 was orally absorbed, showed dose proportionality after a single dose administration, and had approximately 3-fold accumulation after multiple dosing. High-fat/caloric meals doubled the Cmax and area under the curve and prolonged Tmax by 1.5 hours. Consistent with the preclinical pharmacology of GSMs, BMS-932481 decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ39, Aβ40, and Aβ42 while increasing Aβ37 and Aβ38, thereby providing evidence of γ-secretase enzyme modulation rather than inhibition. In plasma, reductions in Aβ40 and Aβ42 were observed with no change in total Aβ; in CSF, modest decreases in total Aβ were observed at higher dose levels. Increases in liver enzymes were observed at exposures associated with greater than 70% CSF Aβ42 lowering after multiple dosing. Although further development was halted due to an insufficient safety margin to test the hypothesis for efficacy of Aβ lowering in Alzheimer's disease, this study demonstrates that γ-secretase modulation is achievable in healthy human volunteers and supports further efforts to discover well tolerated GSMs for testing in Alzheimer's disease and other indications.
Indexed as
Amyloid beta-PeptidesAdolescentAdultAlzheimer DiseaseAmyloid Precursor Protein SecretasesAniline CompoundsAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalArea Under CurveChromatography, LiquidDose-Response Relationship, DrugDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansLimit of DetectionMale7-(4-fluorophenyl)-N2-(3-methoxy-4-(3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)-N4-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopenta(d)pyrimidine-2,4-diamineAmyloid beta-PeptidesAmyloid Precursor Protein SecretasesAniline CompoundsAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalPyrimidines
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