ArticleScientific reports2016
Penfluridol suppresses pancreatic tumor growth by autophagy-mediated apoptosis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing Antipsychotic Agents in Oncology: Mechanistic Rationale, Emerging Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.Cancers · 2026Review
- Design, synthesis, and mechanistic evaluation of propargylated salicylaldehyde derivatives as dual apoptosis-autophagy modulator for pancreatic cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Drug repositioning: examining antipsychotic drugs and their anticancer effects.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Inhibition of the oncogenic channel Kv10.1 by the antipsychotic drug penfluridol.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Repurposing the antipsychotic drug penfluridol for cancer treatment (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
- Article
- Reprogramming tumor immune microenvironment by milbemycin oxime results in pancreatic tumor growth suppression and enhanced anti-PD-1 efficacy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
- β-Carboline-α-aminophosphonate Derivative: A Promising Antitumor Agent for Breast Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Targeting DRD2 by the antipsychotic drug, penfluridol, retards growth of renal cell carcinoma via inducing stemness inhibition and autophagy-mediated apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Penfluridol targets acid sphingomyelinase to inhibit TNF signaling and is therapeutic against inflammatory autoimmune diseases.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Repurposing Antipsychotics for Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Article
- Regulation and function of autophagy in pancreatic cancer.Autophagy · 2021Review
- Drug Repurposing, an Attractive Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: Preclinical and Clinical Updates.Cancers · 2021Review
- Drug Repurposing Opportunities in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Repurposing antipsychotics of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class for cancer therapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2021Review
- Drug rechanneling: A novel paradigm for cancer treatment.Seminars in cancer biology · 2021Review
- Repurposing Pimavanserin, an Anti-Parkinson Drug for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2020Article
- Unintended Effects of GPCR-Targeted Drugs on the Cancer Phenotype.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2020Review
- Cationic amphiphilic drugs as potential anticancer therapy for bladder cancer.Molecular oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pancreatic tumors exhibit enhanced autophagy as compared to any other cancer, making it resistant to chemotherapy. We evaluated the effect of penfluridol against pancreatic cancer. Penfluridol treatment induced apoptosis and inhibited the growth of Panc-1, BxPC-3 and AsPC-1, pancreatic cancer cells with IC50 ranging between 6-7 μM after 24 h of treatment. Significant autophagy was induced by penfluridol treatment in pancreatic cancer cells. Punctate LC3B and autophagosomes staining confirmed autophagy. Inhibiting autophagy by chloroquine, bafilomycin, 3-methyladenine or LC3BsiRNA, significantly blocked penfluridol-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy lead to apoptosis in our model. Penfluridol treatment suppressed the growth of BxPC-3 tumor xenografts by 48% as compared to 17% when treated in combination with chloroquine. Similarly, penfluridol suppressed the growth of AsPC-1 tumors by 40% versus 16% when given in combination with chloroquine. TUNEL staining and caspase-3 cleavage revealed less apoptosis in the tumors from mice treated with penfluridol and chloroquine as compared to penfluridol alone. Penfluridol treatment also suppressed the growth of orthotopically implanted Panc-1 tumors by 80% by inducing autophagy-mediated apoptosis in the tumors. These studies established that penfluridol inhibits pancreatic tumor growth by autophagy-mediated apoptosis. Since penfluridol is already in clinic, positive findings from our study will accelerate its clinical development.
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