Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27188830›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2016

Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

Jonathan R Carapetis, Andrea Beaton, Madeleine W Cunningham, Luiza Guilherme, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Bongani M Mayosi, Craig Sable, Andrew Steer, Nigel Wilson, Rosemary Wyber and 1 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06097585 (Effect of Gliflozins on Heart Failure Due to Regurgitant Rheumatic Valve Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 311 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
311citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
39.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06097585 unknown statusstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Gliflozins on Heart Failure Due to Regurgitant Rheumatic Valve Disease

Ran2023Enrolled150Registered outcomes5Posted comparisons0ConditionsHeart Failure, Rheumatic Heart DiseaseArmsSGLT2 inhibitor
PMID 28285457PMID 26343814PMID 24491689PMID 25589482PMID 32865377PMID 31535829PMID 30586757other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

311 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 674 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Berrembi Jarragboo-Boorroo Wajawoorroo Men'Gawoom Gijam (Gija Healthy Skin Story): Two-Way Learning for Healthy Skin.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025
    Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Acute Rheumatic Fever Without Pharyngitis: A Case Report.Journal of general and family medicine · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Guideline on Stress Echocardiography - 2026.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Global vaccine development.Nature medicine · 2026
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

251 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 9 institutions in 6 countries.

Jonathan R CarapetisTelethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia.
Andrea BeatonChildren's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Madeleine W CunninghamDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Luiza GuilhermeHeart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ganesan KarthikeyanDepartment of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Bongani M MayosiDepartment of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Craig SableChildren's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Andrew SteerDepartment of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nigel WilsonGreen Lane Paediatric and Congenital Cardiac Services, Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
Rosemary WyberTelethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia.
Liesl ZühlkeDepartment of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Children's National · USGroote Schuur Hospital · ZAAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · INThe Kids Research Institute Australia · AUUniversidade de São Paulo · BRUniversity of Auckland · NZUniversity of Melbourne · AUUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center · USUniversity of Western Australia · AU

Funding

AUTOIMMUNE DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN CARDIAC MYOSINR01HL056267 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI COOPER, LESLIE T, CUNNINGHAM, MADELEINE W. · 1997 to 2013
$4.7M
MYOSIN--A LINK BETWEEN STREPTOCOCCI AND HEARTR37HL035280 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI CUNNINGHAM, MADELEINE W. · 1999 to 2008
$3.0M
Autoimmune Mechanisms in Human MyocarditisR01HL135165 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI COOPER, LESLIE T, CUNNINGHAM, MADELEINE W. · 2017 to 2021
$2.9M
Autoimmune Determinants of Human Cardiac MyosinR56HL056267 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA HLTH SCIENCES CTR · PI COOPER, LESLIE T, CUNNINGHAM, MADELEINE W. · 2008 to 2015
$933k
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL056267NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL135165NHLBI NIH HHS R37 HL035280NHLBI NIH HHS R56 HL056267
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is the result of an autoimmune response to pharyngitis caused by infection with group A Streptococcus. The long-term damage to cardiac valves caused by ARF, which can result from a single severe episode or from multiple recurrent episodes of the illness, is known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and is a notable cause of morbidity and mortality in resource-poor settings around the world. Although our understanding of disease pathogenesis has advanced in recent years, this has not led to dramatic improvements in diagnostic approaches, which are still reliant on clinical features using the Jones Criteria, or treatment practices. Indeed, penicillin has been the mainstay of treatment for decades and there is no other treatment that has been proven to alter the likelihood or the severity of RHD after an episode of ARF. Recent advances - including the use of echocardiographic diagnosis in those with ARF and in screening for early detection of RHD, progress in developing group A streptococcal vaccines and an increased focus on the lived experience of those with RHD and the need to improve quality of life - give cause for optimism that progress will be made in coming years against this neglected disease that affects populations around the world, but is a particular issue for those living in poverty.

Indexed as

AdultAnti-Bacterial AgentsAutoimmunityChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPenicillinsPharyngitisPrimary PreventionRheumatic FeverRheumatic Heart DiseaseSecondary PreventionStreptococcal InfectionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsPenicillins

Identifiers

PMID27188830
PMCPMC5810582
OpenAlexW2472620246

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.