ArticleMarine drugs2016
Effect of Experimental Parameters on Alginate/Chitosan Microparticles for BCG Encapsulation.
Article in Marine drugs, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preparation, Characterization, and pH-Responsive Intestinal Release Properties of Gel Beads Encapsulating Sea Cucumber Mouthpart Peptides.Marine drugs · 2026Article
- Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Digestion Behavior of Alginate-Chitosan Microspheres Loaded withFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ulvan Microparticles for Encapsulation of Eucalyptus Essential Oil: Characterization, Release Behavior, and Stability in Aquafeeds.Aquaculture nutrition · 2026Article
- Immobilization of the Proteolytic Fraction P1G10 fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Synthesis, physical characteristics, and biocompatibility test of chitosan-alginate-fucoidan scaffold as an alternative material for alveolar bone substitution.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Optimizing Whole-Cell Biosensors for the Early Detection of Crop Infections: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Thyme oil-loaded chitosan microparticles: an antibacterial approach against pathogenic bacteria.3 Biotech · 2025Article
- Pickering Emulsion of Curcumin Stabilized by Cellulose Nanocrystals/Chitosan Oligosaccharide: Effect in Promoting Wound Healing.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Novel delivery systems for controlled release of bacterial therapeutics.Trends in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Multi-layer encapsulation of pumpkin (Heliyon · 2024Article
- Alginate- and Chitosan-Modified Gelatin Hydrogel Microbeads for Delivery ofGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Gellan Gum/Alginate Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicles: DOE Production Optimization and Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Topical ocular delivery of nanoparticles with epoetin beta in Wistar Hannover rats.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Development of Thermosensitive and Mucoadhesive Hydrogel for Buccal Delivery of (Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- A β-Sitosterol Encapsulated Biocompatible Alginate/Chitosan Polymer Nanocomposite for the Treatment of Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Alginate as a Promising Biopolymer in Drug Delivery and Wound Healing: A Review of the State-of-the-Art.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Preparation and Characterization of Methyl Jasmonate Microcapsules and Their Preserving Effects on Postharvest Potato Tuber.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Selection of natural biomaterials for micro-tissue and organ-on-chip models.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop novel Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-loaded polymeric microparticles with optimized particle surface characteristics and biocompatibility, so that whole live attenuated bacteria could be further used for pre-exposure vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the intranasal route. BCG was encapsulated in chitosan and alginate microparticles through three different polyionic complexation methods by high speed stirring. For comparison purposes, similar formulations were prepared with high shear homogenization and sonication. Additional optimization studies were conducted with polymers of different quality specifications in a wide range of pH values, and with three different cryoprotectors. Particle morphology, size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, surface charge, physicochemical properties and biocompatibility were assessed. Particles exhibited a micrometer size and a spherical morphology. Chitosan addition to BCG shifted the bacilli surface charge from negative zeta potential values to strongly positive ones. Chitosan of low molecular weight produced particle suspensions of lower size distribution and higher stability, allowing efficient BCG encapsulation and biocompatibility. Particle formulation consistency was improved when the availability of functional groups from alginate and chitosan was close to stoichiometric proportion. Thus, the herein described microparticulate system constitutes a promising strategy to deliver BCG vaccine by the intranasal route.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.