ArticleIndian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
Th1/Th2 cytokines in Type 1 diabetes: Relation to duration of disease and gender.
Article in Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of circulating cytokines after 2 types of exercise in active type-1 diabetic patients.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
- Sex-specific cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor signatures in T1D patients and progressors.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- The relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review of observational studies.Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2024Article
- Progress and prospects of mRNA-based drugs in pre-clinical and clinical applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Climate Stressors and Physiological Dysregulations: Mechanistic Connections to Pathologies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- CD4+ Cytotoxic T Cells Involved in the Development of EBV-Associated Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Diabetes mellitus exacerbates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via modulating both adaptive and innate immunity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Clinical Translational Potentials of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Clinical Use ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Two to Tango: Dialogue between Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of diabetes research · 2020Review
- Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- Single nucleotide polymorphism rs 2070874 at Interleukin-4 is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus independently of human leukocyte antigens.International journal of immunopathology and pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundT-cells are important in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the exact role of T-cell subpopulations in this pathway remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the expression pattern of T helper 1 (Th1) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Th2 interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines and their relationship with sex and disease duration in T1D patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study was conducted on 21 T1D patients and 22 healthy subjects. Gene expression analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was performed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
resultsIFN-γ gene expression was significantly lower in T1D patients compared with controls (P < 0.05). Conversely, IL-4 mRNAs were significantly increased in the PBMCs from patients as compared to controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ between men and women with T1D (P > 0.05) while IL-4 mRNA expression in male patients was about 1.9 folds higher than female patients. Moreover, IFN-γ mRNA expression in female patients was about 1.8 folds lower than male patients. Patients were divided into two groups regarding their disease duration: <10 years and >10 years. A significant increase in the IL-4 expression was observed between two groups of patients compared to controls (P < 0.0001). Conversely, there was a significant difference in the expression of IFN-γ only between patients with more than 10 years of disease duration (P = 0.02).
conclusionThese data propose supplementary implications for the role of Th1/Th2 imbalance in T1D immunopathogenesis. Moreover, factors such as sex and disease duration may have some influence on cytokine mRNA expression.
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