ArticleThe AAPS journal2016
The Effects of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Gastrointestinal Tract Metabolic Enzymes and Transporters-an Update.
Article in The AAPS journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Barriers and Strategies for Oral Peptide and Protein Therapeutics Delivery: Update on Clinical Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- A Critical Overview of the Biological Effects of Excipients (Part I): Impact on Gastrointestinal Absorption.The AAPS journal · 2022Review
- The pharmaceutical excipient PEG400 affect the absorption of baicalein in Caco-2 monolayer model by interacting with UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and efflux transport proteins.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Excipient Risk in BCS Class I and III Biowaivers.The AAPS journal · 2022Review
- Assessing CYP2C8-Mediated Pharmaceutical Excipient-Drug Interaction Potential: A Case Study of Tween 80 and Cremophor EL-35.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Oral delivery of proteins and peptides: Challenges, status quo and future perspectives.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2021Review
- Pharmaceutical Excipients and Drug Metabolism: A Mini-Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Current Status of Supersaturable Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Size-Dependent Biological Effects of Quercetin Nanocrystals.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- "Inactive" ingredients in oral medications.Science translational medicine · 2019Review
- Lipid-based nanosystem of edaravone: development, optimization, characterization and in vitro/in vivo evaluation.Drug delivery · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from the last decade has shown that many pharmaceutical excipients are not pharmacologically inert but instead have effects on metabolic enzymes and/or drug transporters. Hence, the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) may be altered due to the modulation of their metabolism and transport by excipients. The impact of excipients is a potential concern for Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)-based biowaivers, particularly as the BCS-based biowaivers have been extended to class 3 drugs in certain dosage forms. The presence of different excipients or varying amounts of excipients between formulations may result in bio-inequivalence. The excipient impact may lead to significant variations in clinical outcomes as well. The aim of this paper is to review the recent findings of excipient effects on gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, focusing on their interactions with the metabolic enzymes and transporters in the GI tract. A wide range of commonly used excipients such as binders, diluents, fillers, solvents, and surfactants are discussed here. We summarized the reported effects of those excipients on GI tract phase I and phase II enzymes, uptake and efflux transporters, and relevant clinical significance. This information can enhance our understanding of excipient influence on drug absorption and is useful in designing pharmacokinetic studies and evaluating the resultant data.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.