ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2016
Pharmacokinetics of metronomic chemotherapy: a neglected but crucial aspect.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 201 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of oral metronomic chemotherapy in the management of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy in Patients with Residual Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Pharmacodynamic biomarkers in metronomic chemotherapy: multiplex cytokine measurements in gastrointestinal cancer patients.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2021Trial
- Oral Metronomic Vinorelbine (OMV) in elderly or pretreated patients with advanced non small cell lung cancer: outcome and pharmacokinetics in the real world.Investigational new drugs · 2018Trial
- Pilot phase II study of metronomic chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer.Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2017Trial
- Clinical, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic results of a prospective phase II study on oral metronomic vinorelbine and dexamethasone in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients.Investigational new drugs · 2016Trial
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors, signaling pathways, clinical features, diagnosis, and management.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Chemotherapeutic efficacy of nano formulation capecitabine@SNPs and gamma radiation: a novel metronomic approach for breast cancer treatment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Influence of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) molecular weight on nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery in breast cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Modification-Response Integrated Modules Driven Cyclization-Dependent Prodrug Self-Assembly for Reshaping Pro-Apoptotic Tumor Redox Homeostasis.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- De-Escalation Strategies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Capecitabine combined with immunotherapy as maintenance therapy improves survival in recurrent/metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Mathematical analysis of metronomic chemotherapy response in metastatic gastrointestinal cancer: identifying critical parameters from clinical data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Adjuvant metronomic tegafur-uracil is associated with poorer outcomes and unfavorable histopathologic progression in oral squamous cell carcinomas.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Regorafenib and metronomic capecitabine, cyclophosphamide, and aspirin in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: results from the REPROGRAM-01 single-arm phase II trial.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Metronomic Chemotherapy in Dogs and Cats: Mechanisms, Indications, and Clinical Perspectives.Cancers · 2025Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy describes the close, regular administration of chemotherapy drugs at less-toxic doses over prolonged periods of time. In 2015, the results of randomized phase III clinical trials demonstrated encouraging, albeit limited, efficacy benefits of metronomic chemotherapy regimens administered as adjuvant maintenance therapy for the treatment of breast cancer, or as maintenance therapy in combination with an antiangiogenic agent for metastatic colorectal cancer. Owing to the investigational nature of this approach, metronomic chemotherapy regimens are highly empirical in terms of the optimal dose and schedule for the drugs administered; therefore, greater knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of metronomic chemotherapy is critical to the future success of this treatment strategy. Unfortunately, such preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies are rare. Herein, we present situations in which active drug concentrations have been achieved with metronomic schedules, and discuss their associated pharmacokinetic parameters. We summarize examples from the limited number of clinical studies in order to illustrate the importance of assessing such pharmacokinetic parameters, and discuss the influence this information can have on improving efficacy and reducing toxicity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.