Trial reportBMC pregnancy and childbirth2016
Risk factors for small-for-gestational-age and preterm births among 19,269 Tanzanian newborns.
Trial report in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose-response associations of maternal height and weight with small for gestational age: a meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence, Trends, and Associated Factors of Malnutrition Among Under Six-Month-Old Infants in Bangladesh: A Pooled Analysis of DHS Data (2011-2022).Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Prevalence, interactions, determinants and outcomes of low birth weight, small for gestational age and fetal growth restriction among term neonates.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- The role of negative affectivity in the developmental pathway linking perinatal complications to behavioral and emotional problems in children.Development and psychopathology · 2026Article
- Placental pathology and maternal risk factors as predictors of adverse neonatal outcomes in small-for-gestational-age births: A prospective cohort study in Northern Uganda.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Mortality, morbidity and growth among moderately low birthweight infants in India, Malawi, and Tanzania.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- Distinct protein patterns related to postnatal development in small for gestational age preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Article
- Monitoring determinants of the prevalence of child malnutrition in Brazil according to indicators of the 2030 Agenda in the year 2022.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Inappropriate Birth Weight for Gestational Age Among Newborns Born at Dessie Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Disparities in health and nutrition between semi-urban and rural mothers and birth outcomes of their newborns in Bukavu, DR Congo: a baseline assessment.Primary health care research & development · 2023Article
- Maternal occupational exposure to selected organic and chlorinated solvents and delivery of small-for-gestational age or preterm infants.American journal of industrial medicine · 2023Article
- Intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, and low birth weight: risk phenotypes of neonatal death, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.Cadernos de saude publica · 2023Article
- Observational
- Article
- A Scoping Review of Preterm Births in Sub-Saharan Africa: Burden, Risk Factors and Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Hurricane Michael and Adverse Birth Outcomes in the Florida Panhandle: Analysis of Vital Statistics Data.Disaster medicine and public health preparedness · 2022Article
- Maternal and dietary behavior-related factors associated with preterm birth in Southeastern Terai, Nepal: A cross sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Risk factors associated with preterm birth in the Dominican Republic: a case-control study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Existing barriers to utilization of health services for maternal and newborn care in rural Western Kenya.BMC health services research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have differentiated risk factors for term-small for gestational age (SGA), preterm-appropriate for gestational age (AGA), and preterm-SGA, despite evidence of varying risk of child mortality and poor developmental outcomes.
methodsWe analyzed birth outcome data from singleton infants, who were enrolled in a large randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of neonatal vitamin A supplementation conducted in Tanzania. SGA was defined as birth weight <10th percentile for gestation age and sex using INTERGROWTH standards and preterm birth as delivery at <37 complete weeks of gestation. Risk factors for term-SGA, preterm-AGA, and preterm-SGA were examined independently using log-binomial regression.
resultsAmong 19,269 singleton Tanzanian newborns included in this analysis, 68.3 % were term-AGA, 15.8 % term-SGA, 15.5 % preterm-AGA, and 0.3 % preterm-SGA. In multivariate analyses, significant risk factors for term-SGA included maternal age <20 years, starting antenatal care (ANC) in the 3(rd) trimester, short maternal stature, being firstborn, and male sex (all p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for preterm-AGA were maternal age <25 years, short maternal stature, firstborns, and decreased wealth (all p < 0.05). In addition, receiving ANC services in the 1(st) trimester significantly reduced the risk of preterm-AGA (p = 0.01). Significant risk factors for preterm-SGA included maternal age >30 years, being firstborn, and short maternal stature which appeared to carry a particularly strong risk (all p < 0.05).
conclusionOver 30 % of newborns in this large urban and rural cohort of Tanzanian newborns were born preterm and/or SGA. Interventions to promote early attendance to ANC services, reduce unintended young pregnancies, increased maternal height, and reduce poverty may significantly decrease the burden of SGA and preterm birth in sub-Saharan Africa.
trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) - ACTRN12610000636055 , registered on 3(rd) August 2010.
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