Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27182280›Full record

ArticleInternational breastfeeding journal2016

Breastfeeding practices on postnatal wards in urban and rural areas of the Deyang region, Sichuan province of China.

Haoyue Gao, Qi Wang, Elizabeth Hormann, Wolfgang Stuetz, Caroline Stiller, Hans Konrad Biesalski, Veronika Scherbaum

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International breastfeeding journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Haoyue GaoInstitute of Social Science in Agriculture (430b), University of Hohenheim, Museumsfluegel, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany.
Qi WangMedical Society of Deyang City, Sichuan, Public Health Bureau of Deyang, Lushan Nan Road No. 299, Jingyang District, Deyang, 618000 China.
Elizabeth HormannEuropäisches Institut für Stillen und Laktation, Wittberg 14, Kramsach, 6233 Austria.
Wolfgang StuetzInstitute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany.
Caroline StillerInstitute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany.
Hans Konrad BiesalskiInstitute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany ; Food Security Center (793), University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany.
Veronika ScherbaumInstitute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition (140a), University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany ; Food Security Center (793), University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 43, Stuttgart, 70599 Germany.
University of Hohenheim · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite the efforts that have been made to promote breastfeeding in China since the 1990s, there is still a very low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to assess the current situation of infant feeding practices during the postpartum hospital stay in urban and rural areas of the Deyang region.

methodsCross-sectional sampling was used in two urban hospitals and five rural clinics in the Deyang region of southwestern China. Interviews with mothers after delivery (urban n = 102, rural n = 99) were conducted before discharge and five focus group discussions were held.

resultsThe prevalence of Caesarean section was high in both urban and rural areas (63.9 % urban vs. 68.4 % rural). After birth, nearly all mothers (98.0 % urban vs. 99.0 % rural) initiated breastfeeding. One week after delivery, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 8.0 % (9.8 % urban vs. 6.1 % rural), almost exclusive breastfeeding 34.5 % (29.4 % urban vs. 39.8 % rural), mixed feeding 56.0 % (58.8 % urban vs. 53.1 % rural), and exclusive formula feeding 1.5 % (2.0 % urban vs. 1.0 % rural). Breastfeeding initiation (≤ two days after birth) was positively associated (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.97, 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] 1.11, 3.50) with exclusive and almost exclusive breastfeeding, whereas birth length under 50 cm (OR 0.48, 95 % CI 0.26, 0.87), mother's education > 12 years (OR 0.46, 95 % CI 0.24, 0.88) and mother's lack of knowledge about the importance of colostrum (OR 0.35, 95 % CI 0.14, 0.86) were negatively associated with almost exclusive breastfeeding.

conclusionAlthough disparities between urban and rural areas exist, the situation of infant feeding is inadequate in both settings. The high prevalence of Caesarean section, the mothers' poor knowledge of the physiology of breast milk production, the mothers' lack of breastfeeding confidence, the widespread advertising of breast milk substitutes, and the changing perception of the function of breasts, may influence the unfavorable breastfeeding behavior observed in the study area.

Indexed as

Birth outcomesBreastfeedingExclusive breastfeedingLocal belief

Identifiers

PMID27182280
PMCPMC4867090
OpenAlexW2358859135

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.