ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2016
Bupropion therapy during pregnancy: the drug and its major metabolites in umbilical cord plasma and amniotic fluid.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antidepressant transfer into amniotic fluid, umbilical cord blood & breast milk: A systematic review & combined analysis.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetics of Antidepressants in Pregnancy.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Drug exposure during pregnancy: Current understanding and approaches to measure maternal-fetal drug exposure.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Should Antidepressants be Avoided in Pregnancy?Drug safety · 2023Review
- Use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies during pregnancy is not associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: a population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2020Article
- Annual Research Review: Maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental problems - a critical review and recommendations for future research.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2019Review
- Transport of Bupropion and its Metabolites by the Model CHO and HEK293 Cell Lines.Drug metabolism letters · 2019Article
- Smoking cessation in pregnancy: a continuing challenge in the United States.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2018Review
- Postnatal Cardiovascular Consequences in the Offspring of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Smoking and Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBupropion is used for treatment of depression during pregnancy. However, its use as a smoking cessation aid for pregnant women is currently under evaluation.
objectiveThe aim of this opportunistic study was to investigate the transfer of bupropion and its major pharmacologically active metabolites, hydroxybupropion and threohydrobupropion, across the placenta in vivo. In addition, the concentrations of the drug and its metabolites were determined in the amniotic fluid. STUDY
designThe following samples were collected at deliveries from 22 women taking bupropion: maternal blood (n = 22), umbilical cord venous blood (n = 22), and amniotic fluid (n = 9). The concentrations of the drug and its metabolites in blood plasma and amniotic fluid were determined by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Placental passage was calculated as a ratio of umbilical cord venous plasma to maternal plasma concentrations.
resultsThe levels of hydroxybupropion and threohydrobupropion in umbilical cord venous plasma were invariably lower than their corresponding concentrations in maternal plasma. The concentrations of bupropion in umbilical cord plasma were lower than in maternal plasma in the majority of the maternal-cord blood pairs. The median values of the umbilical cord venous plasma to maternal plasma ratios were: bupropion, 0.53 (interquartile range 0.35, n = 18), hydroxybupropion, 0.21 (interquartile range 0.12, n = 18), and threohydrobupropion, 0.61 (interquartile range 0.11, n = 21). In umbilical cord venous plasma, the median concentration of bupropion was 5.3 ng/mL; hydroxybupropion, 103.6 ng/mL; and threohydrobupropion, 59.6 ng/mL. Bupropion and its metabolites were detectable in the amniotic fluid but the concentrations of threohydrobupropion were higher than those in the corresponding umbilical cord venous plasma.
conclusionBupropion and its active metabolites cross the placenta to the fetal circulation. The concentrations of hydroxybupropion and threohydrobupropion in umbilical cord venous plasma were higher than bupropion concentrations suggesting a higher fetal exposure to the metabolites than the parent drug. The higher levels of threohydrobupropion in the amniotic fluid than those in umbilical cord venous plasma suggest that enzymes involved in the metabolism of bupropion to threohydrobupropion are most likely active in the fetus. The biological consequences of fetal exposure to maternally administered bupropion and/or its active metabolites via placental transfer and recirculation of the amniotic fluid are yet to be determined.
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Registered trials
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