Trial reportPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2016
Racial differences in the relationship between rate of nicotine metabolism and nicotine intake from cigarette smoking.
Trial report in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationships Between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and Laboratory Assessments of Smoking Reinforcement and Craving Among Adults in a Smoking Cessation Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Trial
- Correlates of the nicotine metabolite ratio in Alaska Native people who smoke cigarettes.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Racial disparities in intensity of smoke exposure and nicotine intake among low-dependence smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Association of Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes With Smoking Behaviors and Biomarkers of Exposure Among Slow and Fast Nicotine Metabolizers: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2018Trial
- Demographic shifts in referral to and completion of lung cancer screening after the 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force update.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Blood pressure screening in Mata Sector, a rural area of Rwanda.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Article
- Biomonitoring Xenobiotics in Human Biospecimens: Challenges, Advances, and the Future of Exposome Characterization.Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic differences in the acute effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes among adolescents who smoke.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Childhood triglyceride-glucose index and pre-hypertension in adulthood: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Cigarette smoking and prostate cancer aggressiveness among African and European American men.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Article
- Urinary anatalline and nicotelline cut-points to distinguish between exclusive and dual use of tobacco products.Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals · 2024Article
- Associations Between Childhood Trauma and Tobacco Use Outcomes in Adults after Overnight Abstinence.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among U.S. adult exclusive e-cigarette users: 2013-2019.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Examining racial differences in smoking outcomes among smokers enrolled in an intravenous nicotine infusion study.Addictive behaviors · 2023Article
- Article
- "I Crave a Blunt, I Don't Crave a Cigarillo": A Focus Group Study on Perceptions of Nicotine and Addiction among US Adults Who Currently Smoke Little Cigars or Cigarillos.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring Potential for a Personalized Medicine Approach to Smoking Cessation With an American Indian Tribe.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- A Pilot Study of Exposure to Nicotine in Human Pregnancy and Maternal and Fetal Testosterone Levels at Birth.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Effects of excessive alcohol drinking on nicotine biotransformation in rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Urinary Nicotine Metabolites and Self-Reported Tobacco Use Among Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rate of nicotine metabolism has been identified as an important factor influencing nicotine intake and can be estimated using the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), a validated biomarker of CYP2A6 enzyme activity. Individuals who metabolize nicotine faster (higher NMR) may alter their smoking behavior to titrate their nicotine intake in order to maintain similar levels of nicotine in the body compared to slower nicotine metabolizers. There are known racial differences in the rate of nicotine metabolism with African Americans on average having a slower rate of nicotine metabolism compared to Whites. The goal of this study was to determine if there are racial differences in the relationship between rate of nicotine metabolism and measures of nicotine intake assessed using multiple biomarkers of nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure. Using secondary analyses of the screening data collected in a recently completed clinical trial, treatment-seeking African American and White daily smokers (10 or more cigarettes per day) were grouped into NMR quartiles so that the races could be compared at the same NMR, even though the distribution of NMR within race differed. The results indicated that rate of nicotine metabolism was a more important factor influencing nicotine intake in White smokers. Specifically, Whites were more likely to titrate their nicotine intake based on the rate at which they metabolize nicotine. However, this relationship was not found in African Americans. Overall there was a greater step-down, linear type relationship between NMR groups and cotinine or cotinine/cigarette in African Americans, which is consistent with the idea that differences in blood cotinine levels between the African American NMR groups were primarily due to differences in CYP2A6 enzyme activity without titration of nicotine intake among faster nicotine metabolizers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.