ReviewDiabetologia2016
Diabetic macular oedema: pathophysiology, management challenges and treatment resistance.
Review in Diabetologia, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Use of Aflibercept 8 mg for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema in Italy: A Cost-Minimisation Analysis Based on an Indirect Treatment Comparison.Advances in therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Several Common Genetic Variations Associate With Functional or Anatomic Effects of Anti-VEGF Treatment in Conditions With Macular Edema.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Pooled it
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Macular Perfusion Changes after Anti-VEGF Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review.Journal of diabetes research · 2021Pooled it
- Review on Recent Trials Evaluating the Effect of Intravitreal Injections of Anti-VEGF Agents on the Macular Perfusion of Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2020Pooled it
- Switching therapy from bevacizumab to aflibercept for the management of persistent diabetic macular edema.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2017Trial
- Modified Delphi expert consensus on the optimal intravitreal treatment pathway for centre involving diabetic macular oedema patients within the National Health Service.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Synergistic inhibition of macular vascular permeability in diabetic edema: Ginsenoside Rg3 enhances ranibizumab efficacy by targeting angiopoietin-like protein 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor via neuropilin/RhoA signaling.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of ranibizumab, aflibercept, and conbercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema: a retrospective comparative study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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- Visual Acuity Outcomes and Influencing Factors in a Cohort of UK Real-World Diabetic Macular Oedema Patients During the First Two Years of Anti-VEGF Treatment.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injections Significantly Influence Retinal Venous Calibre in Patients With Diabetic Macular Oedema.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
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- Real-world six-month outcomes in patients switched to faricimab following partial response to anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular oedema.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Correlation of limited-early-response status with 12-month CST, BVA, and machine learning-quantified retinal fluid in diabetic macular oedema in routine clinical practice.Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- Optimizing Diabetic Macular Edema Treatment: A Meta-Analysis of Subthreshold Micropulse Laser and Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Combination Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Dexamethasone implant for refractory macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
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- Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in diabetic macular oedema refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factors: the AUSSIEDEX study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Observational
- Intensive topical interferon therapy in uveitic macular edema.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the leading cause of vision loss in patients living with diabetes. DMO results from hyperglycaemia-induced activation of pathways that lead to oxidative stress and release of cytokines, impairing the inner and outer blood-retinal barriers. Improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to DMO have led to the development of effective therapies, including vitreoretinal surgery, laser photocoagulation, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs and corticosteroids. Advances in imaging, including fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography, have also enhanced diagnosis and management of the condition. Despite these advances, there remain patients who do not respond completely to therapy, reflecting the complex pathophysiology of DMO. These patients may be considered treatment-resistant. In this review, we summarise the pathophysiology of DMO, as well as the available treatments and their mechanism of action. Additionally, we focus on treatment-resistant disease and review the literature on potential options for managing this complication of diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.