ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Nicotine Enhances Footshock- and Lithium Chloride-Conditioned Place Avoidance in Male Rats.
Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying conditioned place preference: a review of current analyses and a proposal for a novel approach.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Article
- Flood-conditioned place aversion as a novel non-pharmacological aversive learning procedure in mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Nicotine produces long-term increases in cocaine reinforcement in adolescent but not adult rats.Brain research · 2017Article
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8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
introductionNumerous studies have shown that nicotine (NIC) can enhance the reinforcing effects of non-NIC stimuli through a nonassociative mechanism. To date, it is unclear whether NIC reinforcement enhancement serves to increase behaviors motivated by rewarding stimuli only, or whether NIC potentiates behavior motivated by all stimuli, regardless of valence.
methodsThe current study used a place conditioning procedure to examine whether acute NIC injection modulates avoidance of an environment previously associated with an aversive stimulus. Separate groups of rats underwent place conditioning using either lithium chloride (125mg/kg/ml, i.p.) or footshock (0.75 mA) as the aversive stimulus. Other rats served as nonconditioned controls. The magnitude of place avoidance was assessed after acute NIC (0.1 or 0.4mg/kg/ml, s.c.) or saline.
resultsRats avoided chambers previously paired with either lithium chloride or footshock, and conditioned place avoidance was significantly enhanced by NIC pre-treatment.
conclusionsThese results demonstrate that the ability of NIC to enhance motivated behavior extends to behaviors elicited by aversive stimuli, evidence that NIC affects behavior motivated by a broader range of stimuli than previously appreciated. IMPLICATIONS: The current study examined whether the reinforcement enhancement properties of NIC apply to aversive stimuli by testing NIC enhancement of conditioned place avoidance in rats. The results demonstrate that NIC enhances the motivational impact of these distinct aversive stimuli, providing novel evidence that NIC affects behavior motivated by a broader range of stimuli than has previously been demonstrated.
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