ArticlePloS one2016
Fractal Dimension Analysis of Subcortical Gray Matter Structures in Schizophrenia.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Complexity in disguise: a systematic review of fractal analysis in psychiatric neuroimaging.European radiology · 2026Pooled it
- Diminished spatial dynamics and maladaptive spatial complexity link resting brain network disruption to cognition in schizophrenia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Correlations Between Morpho-structural Properties of the Brain and Cognitive and Motor Deficits in Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Fractal Characterization of Simulated Metal Nanocatalysts in 3D.Small science · 2024Article
- Morphology and Fractal-Based Classifications of Neurons and Microglia in Two and Three Dimensions.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Review
- Machine learning models for diagnosing Alzheimer's disease using brain cortical complexity.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2024Article
- Reduced cortical complexity in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Article
- Cortical complexity in world trade center responders with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Changes of cerebral cortical structure and cognitive dysfunction in "healthy hemisphere" after stroke: a study about cortical complexity and sulcus patterns in bilateral ischemic adult moyamoya disease.BMC neuroscience · 2021Article
- Corneal Healing and Recovery of Ocular Crystallinity with a Dichloromethane Extract ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cortical Complexity in Anorexia Nervosa: A Fractal Dimension Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Reduced Cortical Complexity in Cirrhotic Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy.Neural plasticity · 2020Article
- Analysis of gear surface morphology based on gray level co-occurrence matrix and fractal dimension.PloS one · 2019Article
- Fractal dimension of cerebral white matter: A consistent feature for prediction of the cognitive performance in patients with small vessel disease and mild cognitive impairment.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2019Article
- Reduced structural complexity of the right cerebellar cortex in male children with autism spectrum disorder.PloS one · 2018Article
- 3D structural complexity analysis of cerebellum in Chiari malformation type I.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2017Article
- Age-related differences in the structural complexity of subcortical and ventricular structures.Neurobiology of aging · 2017Article
- Correction: Fractal Dimension Analysis of Subcortical Gray Matter Structures in Schizophrenia.PloS one · 2016Article
- Chaos analysis of the cortical boundary for the recognition of psychosis.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPNArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A failure of adaptive inference-misinterpreting available sensory information for appropriate perception and action-is at the heart of clinical manifestations of schizophrenia, implicating key subcortical structures in the brain including the hippocampus. We used high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) fractal geometry analysis to study subtle and potentially biologically relevant structural alterations (in the geometry of protrusions, gyri and indentations, sulci) in subcortical gray matter (GM) in patients with schizophrenia relative to healthy individuals. In particular, we focus on utilizing Fractal Dimension (FD), a compact shape descriptor that can be computed using inputs with irregular (i.e., not necessarily smooth) surfaces in order to quantify complexity (of geometrical properties and configurations of structures across spatial scales) of subcortical GM in this disorder. Probabilistic (entropy-based) information FD was computed based on the box-counting approach for each of the seven subcortical structures, bilaterally, as well as the brainstem from high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) images in chronic patients with schizophrenia (n = 19) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 19) (age ranges: patients, 22.7-54.3 and healthy controls, 24.9-51.6 years old). We found a significant reduction of FD in the left hippocampus (median: 2.1460, range: 2.07-2.18 vs. median: 2.1730, range: 2.15-2.23, p<0.001; Cohen's effect size, U3 = 0.8158 (95% Confidence Intervals, CIs: 0.6316, 1.0)), the right hippocampus (median: 2.1430, range: 2.05-2.19 vs. median: 2.1760, range: 2.12-2.21, p = 0.004; U3 = 0.8421 (CIs: 0.5263, 1)), as well as left thalamus (median: 2.4230, range: 2.40-2.44, p = 0.005; U3 = 0.7895 (CIs: 0.5789, 0.9473)) in schizophrenia patients, relative to healthy individuals. Our findings provide in-vivo quantitative evidence for reduced surface complexity of hippocampus, with reduced FD indicating a less complex, less regular GM surface detected in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.