ReviewOrphanet journal of rare diseases2016
Birdshot chorioretinopathy: current knowledge and new concepts in pathophysiology, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment.
Review in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functionally distinct ERAP1 and ERAP2 are a hallmark of HLA-A29-(Birdshot) Uveitis.Human molecular genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of abatacept to treat active birdshot uveitis: a prospective open label interventional proof-of-concept trial.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Dual-Site Inflammation During Adalimumab Therapy: Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Complicated by Paradoxical Psoriasis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Headache as an extraocular manifestation of birdshot chorioretinopathy: a case series.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Successfully Treated with Adalimumab: A Case Report.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2025Article
- Successful Use of Upadacitinib, a Selective JAK Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Two Cases of Recalcitrant Chronic Uveitis.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Article
- Microvascular and Structural Characterization of Birdshot Chorioretinitis in Active and Inactive Phases.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- HLA-A29 Negative Birdshot-like Chorioretinopathy Associated with Vitiligo-Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- [Vasculitis of the retina : Clinical aspects, diagnostics, management and treatment].Die Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Diagnosing and Managing Uveitis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen-A29-Associated Retinal Vasculitis without Choroidal Lesions: A Report of 4 Cases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The incidence, presenting clinical findings and treatment patterns of Birdshot Retinochoroiditis in a high-prevalence region: findings from Northern Ireland, England and Wales.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Retinitis Pigmentosa Masquerades: Case Series and Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Treated with Corticosteroids: A Case Reports.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Comprehensive Grading System for Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis in Mice.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Birdshot chorioretinopathy in an HLA-A29 positive Asian patient.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2023Article
- Ocular adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a scoping review.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2023Article
- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in Early Adulthood: Review of Current Literature and Case Report.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Ciclosporin A in bilateral auto-immune chronic posterior uveitis associated with macular oedema: a Long-term Observational Safety and Efficacy Study.Eye (London, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) is a rare form of chronic, bilateral, posterior uveitis with a distinctive clinical phenotype, and a strong association with HLA-A29. It predominantly affects people in middle age. Given its rarity, patients often encounter delays in diagnosis leading to delays in adequate treatment, and thus risking significant visual loss. Recent advances have helped increase our understanding of the underlying autoimmune mechanisms involved in disease pathogenesis, and new diagnostic approaches such as multimodality imaging have improved our ability to both diagnose and monitor disease activity. Whilst traditional immunosuppressants may be effective in BCR, increased understanding of immune pathways is enabling development of newer treatment modalities, offering the potential for targeted modulation of immune mediators. In this review, we will discuss current understanding of BCR and explore recent developments in diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of this disease. Synonyms for BCR: Birdshot chorioretinopathy, Birdshot retinochoroiditis, Birdshot retino-choroidopathy, Vitiliginous choroiditis. Orphanet number: ORPHA179 OMIM: 605808.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.