ArticleReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2016
Breastfeeding and maternal alcohol use: Prevalence and effects on child outcomes and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Article in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Why do women consume alcohol during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?Drug and alcohol review · 2022Pooled it
- Participant experiences with a text message and contingency management intervention for alcohol use during pregnancy and lactation in Cape Town, South Africa.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Trial
- Maternal depression, alcohol use, and transient effects of perinatal paraprofessional home visiting in South Africa: Eight-year follow-up of a cluster randomized controlled trial.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Trial
- Effects of an Alcohol-Related Harm Prevention Program among Out-of-School Female Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Trial
- Maternal HIV does not affect resiliency among uninfected/HIV exposed South African children from birth to 5 years of age.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- The association of maternal alcohol use and paraprofessional home visiting with children's health: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2019Trial
- Community-Based Adaptation and Evaluation of a Peer-Led Intervention to Address Alcohol Use and HIV in Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women in South Africa: Protocol for the "Mentor Mothers Plus" Randomized Control Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- A Conditional Indirect Effects Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence, Depression, Social Support, and Race With Alcohol Consumption among Postpartum Mothers.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2025Article
- Rat models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders for studying the critical role of cerebellar damage: A scoping review.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Clinical Features of Typically Developing Children with and without Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Does the highly prevalent East Asian ALDH2 null variant magnify adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on child development? A commentary.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Does Maternal Diet Vary During the Postpartum Period According to Infant Feeding Type? The Observational Study GREEN MOTHER.Nutrients · 2025Observational
- Associations of maternal alcohol and non-prescribed substance use with early child growth.The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa · 2025Article
- Maternal and paternal risk factors associated with diagnoses within the continuum of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in the USA: Proximal and distal influences.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Experiences of alcohol use during pregnancy: A qualitative study of pregnant women at risk of acquiring HIV in Cape Town, South Africa.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2024Article
- Breastfeeding and neurodevelopment in infants with prenatal alcohol exposure.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Editorial: Maternal substance and alcohol use and contextual issues.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex differences in alcohol use patterns and related harms: A mixed-methods, cross-sectional study of men and women in northern Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Perceptions of perinatal alcohol use and treatment needs in Cape Town, South Africa: a qualitative study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDetermine any effects that maternal alcohol consumption during the breastfeeding period has on child outcomes.
methodsPopulation-based samples of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), normally-developing children, and their mothers were analyzed for differences in child outcomes.
resultsNinety percent (90%) of mothers breastfed for an average of 19.9 months. Of mothers who drank postpartum and breastfed (MDPB), 47% breastfed for 12 months or more. In case control analyses, children of MDPB were significantly lighter, had lower verbal IQ scores, and more anomalies in comparisons controlling for prenatal alcohol exposure and final FASD diagnosis. Utilizing a stepwise logistic regression model adjusting for nine confounders of prenatal drinking and other maternal risks, MDPB were 6.4 times more likely to have a child with FASD than breastfeeding mothers who abstained from alcohol while breastfeeding.
conclusionsAlcohol use during the period of breastfeeding was found to significantly compromise a child's development.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.