SynthesisNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2016
The anatomical basis of upper limb dystonia: lesson from secondary cases.
Synthesis in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Structural Findings in Patients With Lesion-Induced Dystonia: Descriptive and Quantitative Analysis of Published Cases.Neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Infarct Associated With Cervical Dystonia: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Dystonia: pathophysiology and the role of acupuncture in treatment.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2025Review
- Engaging dystonia networks with subthalamic stimulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Oromandibular dystonia: from onset to spread a multicenter italian study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Progression to corticobasal syndrome: a longitudinal study of patients with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia and primary progressive apraxia of speech.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Engaging dystonia networks with subthalamic stimulation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Neuropathology of blepharospasm.Experimental neurology · 2021Article
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of the Dystonias.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Article
- Does the network model fits neurophysiological abnormalities in blepharospasm?Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Review
- Advances in the pathophysiology of adult-onset focal dystonias: recent neurophysiological and neuroimaging evidence.F1000Research · 2020Review
- The effect of dopamine for focal hand dystonia after stroke.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Sustained involuntary muscle activity in cerebral palsy and stroke: same symptom, diverse mechanisms.Brain communications · 2019Article
- Evolving concepts in the pathogenesis of dystonia.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2018Review
- The Anatomical Basis for Dystonia: The Motor Network Model.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Review
- Cerebellum: An explanation for dystonia?Cerebellum & ataxias · 2017Review
- Possible Post-Traumatic Focal Dystonia Associated with Tau Pathology Localized to Putamen-Globus Pallidus.Movement disorders clinical practiceArticle
- Double Trouble: A Case of DYT-TOR1A Diagnosed in the Postoperative Period.Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Upper limb dystonia is a focal dystonia that may affect muscles in the arm, forearm and hand. The neuroanatomical substrates involved in upper limb dystonia are not fully understood. Traditionally, dysfunction of the basal ganglia is presumed to be the main cause of dystonia but a growing body of evidence suggests that a network of additional cortical and subcortical structures may be involved. To identify the brain regions that are affected in secondary upper limb dystonia may help to better understand the neuroanatomical basis of the condition. We considered only patients with focal upper limb dystonia associated with a single localized brain lesion. To identify these patients, we conducted a systematic review of the published literature as well as the medical records of 350 patients with adult-onset dystonia seen over past 15 years at our movement disorder clinic. The literature review revealed 36 articles describing 72 cases of focal upper limb dystonia associated with focal lesions. Among patients at our clinic, four had focal lesions on imaging studies. Lesions were found in multiple regions including thalamus (n = 39), basal ganglia (n = 17), cortex (n = 4), brainstem (n = 4), cerebellum (n = 1), and cervical spine (n = 7). Dystonic tremor was not associated with any particular site of lesion, whereas there was a trend for an inverse association between task specificity and thalamic involvement. These data in combination with functional imaging studies of idiopathic upper limb dystonia support a model in which a network of different regions plays a role in pathogenesis.
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