ArticleScientific reports2016
Boosting BCG-primed responses with a subunit Apa vaccine during the waning phase improves immunity and imparts protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Generalized linear modeling of flow cytometry data to analyze immune responses in tuberculosis vaccine research.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2025Article
- Article
- Immune Response to the Recombinant Apa Protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Expressed in Streptomyces lividans After Intranasal Administration in Mice. Induction of Protective Response to Tubercle Bacillus Aerosols Exposure.Current microbiology · 2024Article
- BCG-booster vaccination with HSP90-ESAT-6-HspX-RipA multivalent subunit vaccine confers durable protection against hypervirulent Mtb in mice.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- Enhanced immunogenicity of the tuberculosis subunit Rv0572c vaccine delivered in DMT liposome adjuvant as a BCG-booster.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Article
- Optimizing the Boosting Schedule of Subunit Vaccines Consisting of BCG and "Non-BCG" Antigens to Induce Long-Term Immune Memory.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Co-Administration of Anticancer Candidate MK-2206 Enhances the Efficacy of BCG Vaccine AgainstFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Identification of Secreted O-Mannosylated Proteins From BCG and Characterization of Immunodominant Antigens BCG_0470 and BCG_0980.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Tuberculosis Vaccine Development: Progress in Clinical Evaluation.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- The Humoral Immune Response to BCG Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Tuberculosis vaccines - perspectives from the NIH/NIAID Mycobacteria vaccine testing program.Current opinion in immunology · 2017Review
- Immune Responses to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Vaccination: Why Do They Fail to Protect againstFrontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Efficacy Testing of H56 cDNA Tattoo Immunization against Tuberculosis in a Mouse Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boosting has emerged as a powerful vaccination approach against tuberculosis. However, optimal timing to boost BCG-immunity using subunit vaccines remains unclear in clinical trials. Here, we followed the adhesin Apa-specific T-cell responses in BCG-primed mice and investigated its BCG-booster potential. The Apa-specific T-cell response peaked 32-52 weeks after parenteral or mucosal BCG-priming but waned significantly by 78 weeks. A subunit-Apa-boost during the contraction-phase of BCG-response had a greater effect on the magnitude and functional quality of specific cellular and humoral responses compared to a boost at the peak of BCG-response. The cellular response increased following mucosal BCG-prime-Apa-subunit-boost strategy compared to Apa-subunit-prime-BCG-boost approach. However, parenteral BCG-prime-Apa-subunit-boost by a homologous route was the most effective strategy in-terms of enhancing specific T-cell responses during waning in the lung and spleen. Two Apa-boosters markedly improved waning BCG-immunity and significantly reduced Mycobacterium tuberculosis burdens post-challenge. Our results highlight the challenges of optimization of prime-boost regimens in mice where BCG drives persistent immune-activation and suggest that boosting with a heterologous vaccine may be ideal once the specific persisting effector responses are contracted. Our results have important implications for design of prime-boost regimens against tuberculosis in humans.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.