ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2016
Hip fracture, mortality risk, and cause of death over two decades.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04281264 (Strength Training in Hypoxia to Improve Bone and Cardiovascular Health of Elderly), which is not on this map. Cited by 99 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Strength Training in Hypoxia to Improve Bone and Cardiovascular Health of Elderly
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bidirectional association between cardiovascular disease and hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Venous thromboembolism and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with hip fractures suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review.Hip international : the journal of clinical and experimental research on hip pathology and therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Correlation between C-reactive protein and postoperative mortality in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: a meta-analysis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- The Relationship Between Fragility Fractures and Pain Experience: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Use of Antidepressive Agents and Bone Mineral Density in Women: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Relationship Between Low Bone Mineral Density and Fractures With Incident Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Pooled it
- Dual mobility versus standard cups in total hip replacement for displaced femoral neck fractures (Duality): an international, multicentre, randomised, controlled, superiority trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Long-term home-based physical exercise, pain, and use of pain medication over a year after hip fracture - A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Comparative Effects of Minodronate and Alendronate on Low Back Pain in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Age Influence: A Head-to-Head, Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Trial
- Patient Education Improves Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Established Spinal Osteoporosis in Primary Care-A Pilot Study of Short- and Long-Term Effects.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Predictive value of MON/HDL ratio on mortality at 1 and 6 months in patients over 65 years of age scheduled for hip fracture surgery.Medicine · 2026Article
- Excess mortality up to 7 years after low-trauma hip fracture in the largest urban region in Romania.Archives of osteoporosis · 2026Observational
- Age-stratified mortality after hip fracture surgery: A retrospective cohort study comparing hemiarthroplasty and osteosynthesis.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Article
- The association between 10-year cardiovascular risk and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women: a prospective analysis from the Women's Health Initiative.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Plasma metabolomic profiles and risk of hip fracture among US individuals: a nested case-control and prospective cohort study.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Trabecular Bone Score and Mortality Risk in a Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults.Journal of bone metabolism · 2026Article
- Is Brazil Prepared for the Hip Fracture Epidemic in the Elderly: A National Ecological Analysis of In-Hospital Mortality, Regional Disparities, and Hospital Costs (2008-2024).Journal of osteoporosis · 2026Article
- Trauma outcomes in elderly patients referring to the emergency department via the rapid emergency medicine score, injury severity score, and geriatric trauma outcome score indices.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The prevalence and determinants of home accidents among older men and women in Türkiye.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Are Tip-Apex Distance and Surgical Delay Associated with Increased Risk of Complications and Mortality Within the First Two Years After Surgery for Femoral Neck Fractures?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledMen and women with hip fracture have higher short-term mortality. This study investigated mortality risk over two decades post-fracture; excess mortality remained high in women up to 10 years and in men up to 20 years. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and pneumonia were leading causes of death with a long-term doubling of risk.
introductionHip fractures are associated with increased mortality, particularly short term. In this study with a two-decade follow-up, we examined mortality and cause of death compared to the background population.
methodsWe followed 1013 hip fracture patients and 2026 matched community controls for 22 years. Mortality, excess mortality, and cause of death were analyzed and stratified for age and sex. Hazard ratio (HR) was estimated by Cox regression. A competing risk model was fitted to estimate HR for common causes of death (CVD, cancer, pneumonia) in the short and long term (>1 year).
resultsFor both sexes and at all ages, mortality was higher in hip fracture patients across the observation period with men losing most life years (p < 0.001). Mortality risk was higher for up to 15 years (women (risk ratio (RR) 1.9 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.7-2.1]); men (RR 2.8 [2.2-3.5])) and until end of follow-up ((RR 1.8 [1.6-2.0]); (RR 2.7 [2.1-3.3])). Excess mortality by time intervals, censored for the first year, was evident in women (<80 years, up to 10 years; >80 years, for 5 years) and in men <80 years throughout. CVD and pneumonia were predominant causes of death in men and women with an associated higher risk in all age groups. Pneumonia caused excess mortality in men over the entire observation period.
conclusionIn a remaining lifetime perspective, all-cause and excess mortality after hip fracture was higher even over two decades of follow-up. CVD and pneumonia reduce life expectancy for the remaining lifetime and highlights the need to further improve post-fracture management.
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