ArticleMedical care2016
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Influenza Vaccination of Chronically Ill US Adults: The Mediating Role of Perceived Discrimination in Health Care.
Article in Medical care, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Understanding Vaccine Disparities in the Bronx, New York, Through a Mixed Methods Analysis of Community and Provider Perspectives.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Experiences of discrimination and their impact on healthcare utilization: non-uptake of covid-19 vaccination.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Interventions employed to address vaccine hesitancy among Black populations outside of African and Caribbean countries: a scoping review.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Unpacking Intersectional Inequities in Flu Vaccination by Sexuality, Gender, and Race-Ethnicity in the United States.Journal of health and social behavior · 2024Article
- The Healthcare Discrimination Experience Scale: Assessing a Variable Crucial for Explaining Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Patient Activation and Health.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- Developing Vaccine Literacy for Urban Health Science Students, the Future Health Workforce.Journal of microbiology & biology education · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Experiences of Discrimination Among Black Adults.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2023Article
- The Association of Reported Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in Health Care with COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Intent - United States, April 22, 2021-November 26, 2022.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2023Article
- Comorbidity-stratified estimates of 30-day mortality risk by age for unvaccinated men and women with COVID-19: a population-based cohort study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Characteristics of U.S. older adult medicare beneficiaries receiving the influenza vaccination at retail pharmacies.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Associations between Influenza Vaccination and Health Care Access among Adults in the United States.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Healthcare Access and Experiences of Racial Discrimination as Predictors of General Vaccine Hesitancy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Delays and declines in seasonal influenza vaccinations due to Hurricane Harvey narrow annual gaps in vaccination by race, income and rurality.Infection control and hospital epidemiology · 2022Article
- The mediating effects of barriers to vaccination on the relationship between race/ethnicity and influenza vaccination status in a rural Southeastern Louisiana medical center.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2022Article
- Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Socio-Demographics, Co-Morbidity, and Past Experience of Racial Discrimination.Vaccines · 2021Article
- The risk of racial bias while tracking influenza-related content on social media using machine learning.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2021Article
- Disparities in influenza vaccination: Arab Americans in California.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Coverage Trends Among Adult Populations, U.S., 2010-2016.American journal of preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Perceived Stigma in Health Care Settings and the Physical and Mental Health of People of Color in the United States.Health equity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite well-established programs, influenza vaccination rates in US adults are well below federal benchmarks and exhibit well-documented, persistent racial and ethnic disparities. The causes of these disparities are multifactorial and complex, though perceived racial/ethnic discrimination in health care is 1 hypothesized mechanism.
objectivesTo assess the role of perceived discrimination in health care in mediating influenza vaccination RACIAL/ETHNIC disparities in chronically ill US adults (at high risk for influenza-related complications). RESEARCH
designWe utilized 2011-2012 data from the Aligning Forces for Quality Consumer Survey on health and health care (n=8127), nationally representative of chronically ill US adults. Logistic regression marginal effects examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and influenza vaccination, both unadjusted and in multivariate models adjusted for determinants of health service use. We then used binary mediation analysis to calculate and test the significance of the percentage of this relationship mediated by perceived discrimination in health care.
resultsRespondents reporting perceived discrimination in health care had half the uptake as those without discrimination (32% vs. 60%, P=0.009). The change in predicted probability of vaccination given perceived discrimination experiences (vs. none) was large but not significant in the fully adjusted model (-0.185; 95% CI, -0.385, 0.014). Perceived discrimination significantly mediated 16% of the unadjusted association between race/ethnicity and influenza vaccination, though this dropped to 6% and lost statistical significance in multivariate models.
conclusionsThe causes of persistent racial/ethnic disparities are complex and a single explanation is unlikely to be sufficient. We suggest reevaluation in a larger cohort as well as potential directions for future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.