ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
D-Dimer Levels and Traditional Risk Factors Are Associated With Incident Hypertension Among HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hypertension among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Characterizing blood pressure trajectories in people living with HIV following antiretroviral therapy: A systematic review.HIV medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- Prevention of cardiovascular disease among people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa.Progress in cardiovascular diseasesPooled it
- Blood pressure trajectories and the mediated effects of body mass index and HIV-related inflammation in a mixed cohort of people with and without HIV in rural Uganda.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2019Trial
- Blood pressure and mortality in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected adults in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.Journal of hypertension · 2018Trial
- The heart of the matter: modeling HIV-associated cardiovascular comorbidities in nonhuman primate models.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Hypertension and immune activation in antiretroviral therapy naïve people living with human immunodeficiency virus.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- HIV, Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, and Vascular Diseases in Men and Women.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2022Review
- Sex differences in hypertension among people living with HIV after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Treated HIV Infection and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Rural Uganda: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- Incidence of hypertension among persons living with HIV in China: a multicenter cohort study.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Immunology of Hypertension in People With HIV.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Association of Gut Intestinal Integrity and Inflammation with Insulin Resistance in Adults Living with HIV in Uganda.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2019Article
- Hypertension and diabetes control along the HIV care cascade in rural South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Aging, Health, and Quality of Life for Older People Living With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review and Proposed Conceptual Framework.Journal of aging and health · 2019Article
- Triad of the Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV? Association Between Risk Factors, HIV Infection, and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2018Review
- Cardiovascular Complications of HIV in Endemic Countries.Current cardiology reports · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesWe sought to describe blood pressure (BP) changes after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and evaluate the association of markers of inflammation with incident hypertension in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals in Uganda.
methodsWe used mixed effects linear regression to model changes in systolic BP over time among a cohort of HIV-infected individuals initiating ART in Uganda. After exclusion of participants with preexisting hypertension, we identified participants with normal BP throughout follow-up (controls) and those with elevated BP on ≥3 consecutive visits (cases). Before ART initiation, participants had testing for interleukin 6, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, lipopolysaccharide, soluble CD14, soluble CD163, and D-dimer and those with viral suppression at 6 months during ART had repeat tests. We fit logistic regression models to estimate associations between biomarkers and risk of incident hypertension.
resultsIn the entire cohort, systolic BP increased by 9.6 mm Hg/yr (95% CI: 7.3 to 11.8) in the first 6 months of ART, then plateaued. Traditional factors: male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.76, 95% CI: 1.34 to 5.68), age (AOR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.13), overweight (AOR 4.48, 95% CI: 1.83 to 10.97), and a CD4 count <100 cells (AOR 3.08, 95% CI: 1.07 to 8.89) were associated with incident hypertension. After adjusting for these, D-dimer levels at month 6 were inversely associated with incident hypertension (AOR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.99). Although not significant, similar associations were seen with sCD14 and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio.
conclusionBP increases early after ART initiation in Ugandans. Traditional risk factors, rather than immune activation, were associated with incident hypertension in this population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.