ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2016
Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Pneumococcal Carriage Among American Indians.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Upper airways colonisation of Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults aged 60 years and older: A systematic review of prevalence and individual participant data meta-analysis of risk factors.The Journal of infection · 2020Pooled it
- Post-COVID Rebound in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Driven by Resurgence of Serotype 4 Among American Indian Individuals in the Southwest United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Persistence of Vaccine Serotype Carriage and Differences in Pneumococcal Carriage by Laboratory Method and Sample Type in Indigenous Individuals in the Southwest United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Linkage-based ortholog refinement in bacterial pangenomes with CLARC.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence of prolonged otitis media with effusion among 2 to 3 years old Cameroonian children in the era of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines.IJID regions · 2024Article
- Impact of age on pneumococcal colonization of the nasopharynx and oral cavity: an ecological perspective.ISME communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Infectious diseases in Indigenous populations in North America: learning from the past to create a more equitable future.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Review
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes Among Healthy Children in Northern India.Current microbiology · 2022Article
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- The nose is the best niche for detection of experimental pneumococcal colonisation in adults of all ages, using nasal wash.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Levels of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage and indirect protection against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia hospitalisations in Australia: An observational study.PLoS medicine · 2021Observational
- Observational
- Article
- Frequency-dependent selection can forecast evolution in Streptococcus pneumoniae.PLoS biology · 2020Article
- Factors associated with pneumococcal carriage and density in children and adults in Fiji, using four cross-sectional surveys.PloS one · 2020Article
- Re-validation and update of an extended-specificity multiplex assay for detection ofAccess microbiology · 2020Article
- Association of Laboratory Methods, Colonization Density, and Age With Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the Nasopharynx.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCommunity-wide impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) is conferred by reductions in vaccine-type nasopharyngeal carriage. We evaluated the impact of PCV13 on carriage of PCV13-specific types (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F and 19A) and 6C among American Indians.
methodsA nasopharyngeal specimen was collected from community members of all ages between January 2010 and April 2012 (3 months before and 24 months after PCV13 introduction). Pneumococci were isolated by culture and serotyped using antisera. Monthly carriage prevalence and PCV13 coverage were calculated to identify the timing of vaccine impact relative to PCV13 introduction. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to compare PCV13-specific carriage before and in years 1 and 2 of PCV13 use. Coverage was calculated according to age and number of doses received.
results6645 participants (2859 <5 years and 3786 ≥5 years of age) provided 6628 specimens. A decline in PCV13-specific and type 6C carriage among children <5 years of age was observed 9 and 15 months after PCV13 introduction, respectively. Among underimmunized children, a decline in PCV13-specific carriage was observed 11 months after PCV13 introduction, when coverage in the community reached 58%. In year 2 of PCV13 use, PCV13-specific and 6C carriage were reduced by 60% and 70%, respectively (PCV13 specific: PR = 0.4, P < 0.001; 6C: PR = 0.3, P < 0.001) among children <5 years of age. The reduction in PCV13-specific carriage among those 5 to <8 years and 18+ years of age in year 2 of PCV13 use was not statistically significant.
conclusionsPCV13 reduced PCV13-specific and 6C carriage among children <5 years of age. Low pre-PCV13 carriage prevalence of PCV13-specific types limited confirming this reduction for adults.
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