ArticlePloS one2016
Cytokine Profiles in Human Metapneumovirus Infected Children: Identification of Genes Involved in the Antiviral Response and Pathogenesis.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the regulation of pulmonary infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Limited nasal IFN production contributes to delayed respiratory virus clearance and suboptimal vaccine responses.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Pyroptosis in Respiratory Virus Infections: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Potential Therapeutic Interventions.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- The immune receptors TLR4 and SLAMF1 regulate TNF release by human metapneumovirus in human macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-1β promotes human metapneumovirus replication via activating the cGAS-STING pathway.Virus research · 2024Review
- Distinct roles for type I and type III interferons in virulent human metapneumovirus pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Clinical human metapneumovirus isolates show distinct pathogenesis and inflammatory profiles but similar CD8mSphere · 2024Article
- Human Metapneumovirus-Induced Host microRNA Expression Impairs the Interferon Response in Macrophages and Epithelial Cells.Viruses · 2023Article
- Review
- Inflammasome activation by viral infection: mechanisms of activation and regulation.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Human metapneumovirus driven IFN-β production antagonizes macrophage transcriptional induction of IL1-β in response to bacterial pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Profiles and predictive value of cytokines in children with human metapneumovirus pneumonia.Virology journal · 2022Article
- Broad Impact of Exchange Protein Directly Activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) on Respiratory Viral Infections.Viruses · 2021Article
- Review
- Similarities and Differences in the Acute-Phase Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques and African Green Monkeys.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Human Metapneumovirus Induces IRF1Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Editorial: From Pathogenic Infections to Inflammation and Disease - the Tumultuous Road of the 'Cytokine Storm'.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- The role of M2-2 PDZ-binding motifs in pulmonary innate immune responses to human metapneumovirus.Journal of medical virology · 2020Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Infections in Three-Dimensional Human Airway Tissues Expose an Interesting Dichotomy in Viral Replication, Spread, and Inhibition by Neutralizing Antibodies.Journal of virology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes severe airway infection in children that may be caused by an unfavorable immune response. The nature of the innate immune response to hMPV in naturally occurring infections in children is largely undescribed, and it is unknown if inflammasome activation is implicated in disease pathogenesis. We examined nasopharynx aspirates and blood samples from hMPV-infected children without detectable co-infections. The expression of inflammatory and antiviral genes were measured in nasal airway secretions by relative mRNA quantification while blood plasma proteins were determined by a multiplex immunoassay. Several genes were significantly up-regulated at mRNA and protein level in the hMPV infected children. Most apparent was the expression of the chemokine IP-10, the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18 in addition to the interferon inducible gene ISG54. Interestingly, children experiencing more severe disease, as indicated by a severity index, had significantly more often up-regulation of the inflammasome-associated genes IL-1β and NLRP3. Overall, our data point to cytokines, particularly inflammasome-associated, that might be important in hMPV mediated lung disease and the antiviral response in children with severe infection. Our study is the first to demonstrate that inflammasome components are associated with increased illness severity in hMPV-infected children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.