ArticlePloS one2016
Compartmentalized Immune Response in Leishmaniasis: Changing Patterns throughout the Disease.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updated Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group recommendations for leishmaniosis in dogs: Q&A on clinical management.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Leishmania infantum in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes): from clinical findings to cytokine expression.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Diagnostic potential of a multi-antigen ELISA for feline leishmaniosis.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- A compared histopathological study on kidneys and eye bulbs in distinct clinical presentations of canine leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Humoral Responses and Ex Vivo IFN-γ Production after Canine Whole Blood Stimulation withVeterinary sciences · 2022Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Photosynthetic Microorganisms for Visceral Leishmaniasis: An Immunological Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Vitamin d and leishmaniasis: Neither seasonal nor risk factor in canine host but potential adjuvant treatment through cbd103 expression.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- 3D-Hepatocyte Culture Applied to Parasitology: Immune Activation of Canine Hepatic Spheroids Exposed toBiomedicines · 2020Article
- Immunoprophylactic Potential of a New RecombinantFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Modulation of Cytokines and Extracellular Matrix Proteins Expression byFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 7, interferon-gamma and interleukin 10, and programmed death ligand 1 transcripts in skin from dogs of different clinical stages of leishmaniosis.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Pro-Cellular Exhaustion Markers are Associated with Splenic Microarchitecture Disorganization and Parasite Load in Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- An Overview of Immunotherapeutic Approaches Against Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis: What Has Been Tested on Dogs and a New Perspective on Improving Treatment Efficacy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Functional aspects, phenotypic heterogeneity, and tissue immune response of macrophages in infectious diseases.Infection and drug resistance · 2019Article
- Meglumine Antimoniate and Miltefosine Combined With Allopurinol Sustain Pro-inflammatory Immune Environments During Canine Leishmaniosis Treatment.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Article
- Biomarkers Associated WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Biomarkers for Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis in Latin America.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Immunology and Genetic ofJournal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2018Review
- Canine Leishmaniasis Progression is Associated with Vitamin D Deficiency.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is characterized by loss of T-cell responsiveness and absence of Leishmania-specific IFN-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, the expressions of IFN-γ and TNF-α are up-regulated in the tissues and plasma of VL patients. There is a paucity of information regarding the cytokine profile expressed by different target tissues in the same individual and the changes it undergoes throughout the course of infection. In this work we evaluated IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β mRNA expression using real-time RT-PCR in 5 target tissues at 6 months and 16 months post-infection (PI) in a canine experimental model which mimics many aspects of human VL. The spleen and liver of Leishmania infantum experimentally-infected dogs elicited a pro- and anti- inflammatory response and high parasite density at 6 and 16 months PI. The popliteal lymph node, however, showed an up-regulation of IFN-γ cytokin at commencement of the study and was at the chronic phase when the IL-10 and TGF-β expression appeared. In spite of skin parasite invasion, local cytokine response was absent at 6 months PI. Parasite growth and onset of clinical disease both correlated with dermal up-regulation of all the studied cytokines. Our VL model suggests that central target organs, such as the spleen and liver, present a mixed cytokine immune response early on infection. In contrast, an anti-inflammatory/regulatory immune response in peripheral tissues is activated in the later chronic-patent stages of the disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.