ArticleAmerican journal of pharmaceutical education2016
Break-Even Income Analysis of Pharmacy Graduates Compared to High School and College Graduates.
Article in American journal of pharmaceutical education, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness and economic impact of interventions targeting healthcare personnel: a systematic review of return on investment.Public health reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the Impact of a Personal Finance Elective Course on Student Attitudes and Intentions.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2023Article
- A Theoretical Framework for Estimating the Rate of Return to a Pharmacy Education Anywhere.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Student Pharmacists' Personal Finance Perceptions, Projected Indebtedness Upon Graduation, and Career Decision-making.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2019Article
- Is There Room for Efficiency in Pharmacy Education?American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2018Article
- Evaluating the Changing Financial Burdens for Graduating Pharmacists.American journal of pharmaceutical education · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective. To project the net cumulative income break-even point between practicing pharmacists and those who enter the workforce directly after high school graduation or after obtaining a bachelor's degree. Methods. Markov modeling and break-even analysis were conducted. Estimated costs of education were used in calculating net early career earnings of high school graduates, bachelor's degree holders, pharmacists without residency training, and pharmacists with residency training. Results. Models indicate that over the first 10 years of a pharmacist's career, they accumulate net earnings of $716 345 to $1 064 840, depending on cost of obtaining the PharmD degree and career path followed. In the break-even analysis, all pharmacy career tracks surpassed net cumulative earnings of high school graduates by age 33 and bachelor's degree holders by age 34. Conclusion. Regardless of the chosen pharmacy career track and the typical cost of obtaining a PharmD degree, the model under study assumptions demonstrates that pharmacy education has a positive financial return on investment, with a projected break-even point of less than 10 years upon career entry.
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