Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27170029›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2016

Fruit and vegetable consumption in adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer: population based cohort study.

Maryam S Farvid, Wendy Y Chen, Karin B Michels, Eunyoung Cho, Walter C Willett, A Heather Eliassen

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
15.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents in Arab Countries: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023
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  19. The Associations between Intakes of One-Carbon Metabolism-Related Vitamins and Breast Density among Young Women.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024
    Article
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Maryam S FarvidDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Harvard/Massachusetts General Hospital Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA mfarvid@hsph.harvard.edu.
Wendy Y ChenChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Karin B MichelsChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Eunyoung ChoChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Dermatology, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
Walter C WillettDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
A Heather EliassenChanning Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Harvard University · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USBrown University · US

Funding

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Younger NursesR01CA050385 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI ELIASSEN, A. HEATHER, WILLETT, WALTER C. · 1989 to 2019
$32.3M
Life Course Cancer Epidemiology Cohort in WomenUM1CA176726 · NCI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI WILLETT, WALTER C. · 2013 to 2017
$15.7M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA050385
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake during adolescence and early adulthood and risk of breast cancer.

designProspective cohort study.

settingHealth professionals in the United States.

participants90 476 premenopausal women aged 27-44 from the Nurses' Health Study II who completed a questionnaire on diet in 1991 as well as 44 223 of those women who completed a questionnaire about their diet during adolescence in 1998.

main outcome measureIncident cases of invasive breast cancer, identified through self report and confirmed by pathology report.

resultsThere were 3235 cases of invasive breast cancer during follow-up to 2013. Of these, 1347 cases were among women who completed a questionnaire about their diet during adolescence (ages 13-18). Total fruit consumption during adolescence was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer. The hazard ratio was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.62 to 0.90; P=0.01 for trend) for the highest (median intake 2.9 servings/day) versus the lowest (median intake 0.5 serving/day) fifth of intake. The association for fruit intake during adolescence was independent of adult fruit intake. There was no association between risk and total fruit intake in early adulthood and total vegetable intake in either adolescence or early adulthood. Higher early adulthood intake of fruits and vegetables rich in α carotene was associated with lower risk of premenopausal breast cancer. The hazard ratio was 0.82 (0.70 to 0.96) for the highest fifth (median intake 0.5 serving/day) versus the lowest fifth (median intake 0.03 serving/day) intake. The association with adolescent fruit intake was stronger for both estrogen and progesterone receptor negative cancers than estrogen and progesterone receptor positive cancers (P=0.02 for heterogeneity). For individual fruits and vegetables, greater consumption of apple, banana, and grapes during adolescence and oranges and kale during early adulthood was significantly associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Fruit juice intake in adolescence or early adulthood was not associated with risk.

conclusionThere is an association between higher fruit intake and lower risk of breast cancer. Food choices during adolescence might be particularly important.

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorFruitVegetablesAdolescentAdultBreast NeoplasmsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIncidenceProspective StudiesSurveys and QuestionnairesUnited States

Identifiers

PMID27170029
PMCPMC5068921
OpenAlexW2359150653

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.