Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27169772›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2016

Impact of Chemotherapy and External-Beam Radiation Therapy on Outcomes among Patients with Resected Gallbladder Cancer: A Multi-institutional Analysis.

Yuhree Kim, Neda Amini, Ana Wilson, Georgios A Margonis, Cecilia G Ethun, George Poultsides, Thuy Tran, Kamran Idrees, Chelsea A Isom, Ryan C Fields and 14 more

Open access · greenAbstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Role of Radiation Therapy for Biliary Tract Cancers.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.

Yuhree KimDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Neda AminiDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ana WilsonDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Georgios A MargonisDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Cecilia G EthunDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
George PoultsidesDepartment of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
Thuy TranDepartment of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA.
Kamran IdreesDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Chelsea A IsomDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Ryan C FieldsDepartment of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Bradley KrasnickDepartment of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
Sharon M WeberDepartment of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Ahmed SalemDepartment of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Robert C G MartinDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Charles ScogginsDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Perry ShenDepartment of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Harveshp D MogalDepartment of Surgery, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
Carl SchmidtDivision of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Eliza BealDivision of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
Ioannis HatzarasDepartment of Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Rivfka ShenoyDepartment of Surgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Kenneth CardonaDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Shishir K MaithelDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Timothy M PawlikDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA. tpawlik1@jhmi.edu.
Johns Hopkins Hospital · USEmory University · USNew York University · USThe Ohio State University · USUniversity of Louisville · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USVanderbilt University Medical Center · USWake Forest University · USWashington University in St. Louis · USStanford Medicine · USStanford University · US

Funding

Vanderbilt Clinical Oncology Research Career Development ProgramK12CA090625 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Debra L. Friedman, Paula Jill Hurley · 2001 to 2026
$16.9M
Advanced Research Training in Immunology for Surgery Trainees (ARTIST)T32AI106704 · NIAID · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI GINNY L BUMGARDNER, Jon R Wisler · 2014 to 2026
$3.5M
NCI NIH HHS K12 CA090625NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI106704
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUse of adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) and chemoradiation therapy (cXRT) for the treatment of gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains varied. We sought to define the utilization and effect of adjuvant therapy for patients with GBC.

methodsUsing a multi-institutional national database, 291 patients with GBC who underwent curative-intent resection between 2000 and 2015 were included. Patients with metastasis or an R2 margin were excluded.

resultsMedian patient age was 66.6 years. Most patients had a T2 (46.2 %) or T3 (38.6 %) lesion, and 37.8 % of patients had lymph node (LN) metastasis. A total of 186 (63.9 %) patients underwent surgery alone, 61 (21.0 %) received CTx, and 44 (15.1 %) patients received cXRT. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with worse overall survival (OS) included T3/T4 stage [hazard ratio (HR) 1.82], LN-metastasis (HR 1.84), lymphovascular invasion (HR 2.02), perineural invasion (HR 1.42), and R1 surgical margin status (HR 2.06); all P < 0.05). In contrast, receipt of CTx/cXRT was associated with improved OS (CTx, HR 0.38; cXRT, HR 0.26; P < 0.001) compared with surgery alone. Similar results were observed for disease-free survival (DFS) (CTx, HR 0.61; cXRT, HR 0.43; P < 0.05). Of note, only patients with high-risk features, such as AJCC T3/T4 stage (HR 0.41), LN metastasis (HR 0.45), and R1 disease (HR 0.21) (all P < 0.05) derived an OS benefit from CTx/cXRT.

conclusionsAdjuvant CTx/cXRT was utilized in 36 % of patients undergoing curative-intent resection for GBC. After adjusted analyses, CTx/cXRT were independently associated with improved long-term outcomes, but the benefit was isolated to only patients with high-risk characteristics.

Indexed as

Chemoradiotherapy, AdjuvantAgedFemaleGallbladder NeoplasmsHumansLymphatic MetastasisMaleNeoplasm StagingTreatment Outcome

Identifiers

PMID27169772
PMCPMC5456271
OpenAlexW2363042890

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.