ArticlePeerJ2016
Cytokine response during non-cerebral and cerebral malaria: evidence of a failure to control inflammation as a cause of death in African adults.
Article in PeerJ, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of MIP-1α and MIP-1β Chemokines in Malaria in Relation to Disease Severity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood level of MCP-1/CCL-2 in severe and uncomplicated malaria.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Potential Role of ACE Polymorphisms in Severe Malaria: A Case Report.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Lycopene Mitigates Malaria-Induced Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species and Oxidative Damage in Mice Brain and Lungs.Parasite immunology · 2025Article
- An elevated level of interleukin-17A in a Senegalese malaria cohort is associated with rs8193038 IL-17A genetic variant.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Article
- Genetics of cerebral malaria: pathogenesis, biomarkers and emerging therapeutic interventions.Cell & bioscience · 2022Review
- Circulating IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha and IL-10/IL-6 and IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio profiles of polyparasitized individuals in rural and urban areas of gabon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Altered Cytokine Response of Human Brain Endothelial Cells after Stimulation with Malaria Patient Plasma.Cells · 2021Article
- Article
- Association of the rs562556 PCSK9 Gene Polymorphism with Reduced Mortality in Severe Malaria among Malian Children.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2020Article
- Cerebral malaria is associated with differential cytoadherence to brain endothelial cells.EMBO molecular medicine · 2019Article
- Brain swelling is independent of peripheral plasma cytokine levels in Malawian children with cerebral malaria.Malaria journal · 2018Article
- Correlation of APRIL with production of inflammatory cytokines during acute malaria in the Brazilian Amazon.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2018Article
- MCP-1, KC-like and IL-8 as critical mediators of pathogenesis caused by Babesia canis.PloS one · 2018Article
- Malaria severity: Possible influence of the E670G PCSK9 polymorphism: A preliminary case-control study in Malian children.PloS one · 2018Article
- Pro-inflammatory immune responses are associated with clinical signs and symptoms of human anaplasmosis.PloS one · 2017Article
- Host-Parasite Interactions in Human Malaria: Clinical Implications of Basic Research.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Vaccinations for Neuroinfectious Disease: A Global Health Priority.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background. With 214 million cases and 438,000 deaths in 2015, malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious diseases in tropical countries. Several species of the protozoan Plasmodium cause malaria. However, almost all the fatalities are due to Plasmodium falciparum, a species responsible for the severest cases including cerebral malaria. Immune response to Plasmodium falciparum infection is mediated by the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors whose actions are crucial for the control of the parasites. Following this response, the induction of anti-inflammatory immune mediators downregulates the inflammation thus preventing its adverse effects such as damages to various organs and death. Methods. We performed a retrospective, nonprobability sampling study using clinical data and sera samples from patients, mainly adults, suffering of non-cerebral or cerebral malaria in Dakar, Sénégal. Healthy individuals residing in the same area were included as controls. We measured the serum levels of 29 biomarkers including growth factors, chemokines, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Results. We found an induction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory immune mediators during malaria. The levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers were higher in the cerebral malaria than in the non-cerebral malaria patients. In contrast, the concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines were comparable in these two groups or lower in CM patients. Additionally, four pro-inflammatory biomarkers were significantly increased in the deceased of cerebral malaria compared to the survivors. Regarding organ damage, kidney failure was significantly associated with death in adults suffering of cerebral malaria. Conclusions. Our results suggest that a poorly controlled inflammatory response determines a bad outcome in African adults suffering of cerebral malaria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.