Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27168468›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of radiology2016

Safely prolonging single breath-holds to >5 min in patients with cancer; feasibility and applications for radiotherapy.

Michael J Parkes, Stuart Green, Andrea M Stevens, Sophia Parveen, Rebecca Stephens, Thomas H Clutton-Brock

Registry-linked trialOpen access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of radiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07135401 (Optimizing MRI Liver Imaging), which is not on this map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
4.9field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07135401 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Optimizing MRI Liver Imaging: Evaluating Breath-Holding Techniques and Oxygen Supplementation to Reduce Respiratory Motion Artifacts

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of California, San FranciscoRan2025 to 2026Enrolled10ConditionsMRI, MRI Image EnhancementArmsBreath-hold conditions
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prolonging breath-hold duration in radiotherapy using cognitive engagement.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2027
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  3. Review
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  11. Dosimetric comparison of normal breathing and deep inspiration breath hold technique for synchronous bilateral breast cancer using 6MV flattened beam and flattening filter free beam.Reports of practical oncology and radiotherapy : journal of Greatpoland Cancer Center in Poznan and Polish Society of Radiation Oncology · 2022
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  12. Review
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  17. Defining short and prolonged breath-holds.The British journal of radiology · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Michael J Parkes1 School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Stuart Green3 Hall Edwards Radiotherapy Group, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Andrea M Stevens3 Hall Edwards Radiotherapy Group, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Sophia Parveen3 Hall Edwards Radiotherapy Group, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Rebecca Stephens3 Hall Edwards Radiotherapy Group, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Thomas H Clutton-Brock2 National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)/Wellcome Trust Birmingham Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · GBNIHR Wellcome Trust Southampton Clinical Research Facility · GBQueen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveMultiple, short and deep inspiratory breath-holds with air of approximately 20 s are now used in radiotherapy to reduce the influence of ventilatory motion and damage to healthy tissue. There may be further clinical advantages in delivering each treatment session in only one single, prolonged breath-hold. We have previously developed techniques enabling healthy subjects to breath-hold for 7 min. Here, we demonstrate their successful application in patients with cancer.

methods15 patients aged 37-74 years undergoing radiotherapy for breast cancer were trained to breath-hold safely with pre-oxygenation and mechanically induced hypocapnia under simulated radiotherapy treatment conditions.

resultsThe mean breath-hold duration was 5.3 ± 0.2 min. At breakpoint, all patients were normocapnic and normoxic [mean end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 36 ± 1 standard error millimetre of mercury, (mmHg) and mean oxygen saturation was 100 ± 0 standard error %]. None were distressed, nor had gasping, dizziness or disturbed breathing in the post-breath-hold period. Mean blood pressure had risen significantly from 125 ± 3 to 166 ± 4 mmHg at breakpoint (without heart rate falling), but normalized within approximately 20 s of the breakpoint. During breath-holding, the mean linear anteroposterior displacement slope of the L breast marker was <2 mm min(-1).

conclusionPatients with cancer can be trained to breath-hold safely and under simulated radiotherapy treatment conditions for longer than the typical beam-on time of a single fraction. We discuss the important applications of this technique for radiotherapy. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: We demonstrate for the first time a technique enabling patients with cancer to deliver safely a single prolonged breath-hold of >5 min (10 times longer than currently used in radiotherapy practice), under simulated radiotherapy treatment conditions.

Indexed as

Breath HoldingAdultAgedBreast NeoplasmsFeasibility StudiesFemaleHumansHypocapniaMiddle AgedRadiotherapy DosageRadiotherapy Planning, Computer-AssistedTime Factors

Identifiers

PMID27168468
PMCPMC5257330
OpenAlexW2354959816

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.