ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Prevalence of Glaucoma in the United States: The 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 184 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Glaucoma Among US Adults in 2022.JAMA ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Novel tactile bottle neck adaptor facilitates eye drop adherence in visually impaired patients.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Detection of Posterior Segment Eye Disease in Rural Eye Camps in South India: A Nonrandomized Cluster Trial.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2021Trial
- Sleep Pattern and Structural Damage in Older Adults with Glaucoma: A United States and China Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma among Black and Latinx Populations: Exploring Racial Disparities in the United States.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- From environmental exposure to retinal pathology: epidemiological and mechanistic insights into multi-metal driven ocular diseases.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of RETFound and a Supervised Convolutional Neural Network for Detection of Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Design of a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial for Comparing the Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health and Telemedicine Protocol with Usual Care for Disease Detection.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Quality Analysis of YouTube and Facebook Videos for Glaucoma Treatment Options.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Aggregate index of systemic inflammation and glaucoma status: population-based evidence with clinical validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin C in Patients of Hispanic vs European Descent.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparison of Foundation and Supervised Learning-Based Models for Detection of Referable Glaucoma from Fundus Photographs.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Hybrid molecule SA-10 and its PLGA nanosuspension protect human and rodent retinal ganglion cells against neuronal injury.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Recall by polygenic risk score in two biobanks supports a genomic approach for glaucoma detection.Research square · 2025Article
- Understanding Glaucoma: Why it Remains a Leading Cause of Blindness Worldwide.Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde · 2025Review
- Association of nonrefractive visual impairment with risk of all-cause and specific-cause mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2008.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Association Between Intermittent Fasting and Glaucoma.Journal of glaucoma · 2025Article
- Ocular Hypertension Following Open Globe Injury in Patients Undergoing Pars Plana Vitrectomy.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study of the association between dietary inflammatory index and glaucoma prevalence in a US population.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Disparities in glaucoma and macular degeneration healthcare utilization among persons living with dementia in the United States.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2016
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo estimate the prevalence of glaucoma in the US population based on optic nerve head photography, to estimate the prevalence of glaucoma awareness, and to identify demographic and ocular risk factors for being unaware of having glaucoma.
methodsThe study included 5746 men and women 40 years of age and older participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2008. Each participant had 45° photographs of the macula and optic disc of both eyes. Fundus photographs were first graded by a reading center, and those with a cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) ≥ 0.6 were regraded by three glaucoma specialists to determine the presence or absence of glaucoma. Analyses were performed using NHANES weights to account for the complex multistage probability sampling design.
resultsThe estimated overall prevalence of glaucoma in the US civilian, noninstitutionalized population 40 years of age and older was 2.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7%-2.6%). Glaucoma affected 2.9 million individuals, including 1.4 million women; 1.5 million men; 2.3 million people 60 years of age and older; and 0.9 million blacks, Mexican Americans, and people of other races. The prevalence of glaucoma was highest in non-Hispanic blacks, followed by non-Hispanic whites, Mexican Americans, and others. Over half of participants with glaucoma were unaware that they had the disease.
conclusionsThe prevalence of glaucoma based on optic nerve fundus photography assessment in the general US population 40 years of age and older was 2.1%. Approximately half of glaucoma cases were previously undiagnosed. Studies to determine whether and how to identify undiagnosed glaucoma are an important next step.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.