ArticlePloS one2016
Stunting, Underweight and Overweight in Children Aged 2.0-4.9 Years in Indonesia: Prevalence Trends and Associated Risk Factors.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 293 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of household food insecurity in malnutrition among Indonesian children under 5 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2015-2025).Public health nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Eating behaviour of Indonesian adolescents: a systematic review of the literature.Public health nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Understanding multifactorial drivers of child stunting reduction in Exemplar countries: a mixed-methods approach.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- A review of child stunting determinants in Indonesia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Pooled it
- Determinants of post-discharge stunting among diarrhoeal children aged 2-23 months in Bangladesh: findings from Antibiotics for Children with Severe Diarrhea (ABCD) trial.Journal of global health · 2025Trial
- Association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms, socioeconomic factors, and birth outcomes with infant growth in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Breastfeeding practices and attitudes among women in West Sumatra, Indonesia.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- Nutritional Follow-Up in Indigenous Children Under Five Years in Colombia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Determinants of stunting among Indonesian children: a cross-sectional study on the role of child, maternal, and vaccination factors.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Effect of infant feeding practices on stunting and wasting in Northwest Ethiopia: a birth cohort study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Article
- To work or not to work? Child stunting and maternal labour force participation in South Africa.SSM - population health · 2025Article
- Association Between Basic Immunization Status and Stunting in Toddlers Aged 12-59 Months in Indonesia.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2025Article
- Real-Time Sensor-Based and Self-Reported Emotional Perceptions of Urban Green-Blue Spaces: Exploring Gender Differences with FER and SAM.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Trends in growth and nutritional status of Korean toddlers and preschoolers: a cross-sectional study using 2010-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.Korean journal of community nutrition · 2024Article
- Risk factors associated with stunting incidence in under five children in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Local anthropometric parameters for assessing double burden of malnutrition in South Asian and Southeast Asian countries: a review and retrospective analysis.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Review
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe double burden of malnutrition affects many low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to: a) determine temporal trends in the prevalence of underweight, stunting, and at risk of overweight/ overweight or obesity in Indonesian children aged 2.0-4.9 years; and b) examine associated risk factors.
designA repeated cross-sectional survey. This is a secondary data analysis of waves 1, 2, 3, and 4 (1993, 1997, 2000, and 2007) of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, which includes 13 out of 27 provinces in Indonesia. Height, weight and BMI were expressed as z-scores (2006 WHO Child Growth Standards). Weight-for-age-z-score <-2 was categorised as underweight, height-for-age-z-score <-2 as stunted, and BMI-z-score >+1, >+2, >+3 as at-risk, overweight and obese, respectively.
resultsThere are 938, 913, 939, and 1311 separate children in the 4 waves, respectively. The prevalence of stunting decreased significantly from waves 1 to 4 (from 50.8% to 36.7%), as did the prevalence of underweight (from 34.5% to 21.4%). The prevalence of 'at-risk'/overweight/obesity increased from 10.3% to 16.5% (all P<0.01). Stunting and underweight were related to lower birth weight, being breastfed for 6 months or more, having parents who were underweight or had short stature, and mothers who never attended formal education. Stunting was also higher in rural areas. Being at-risk, or overweight/obese were closely related to being in the youngest age group (2-2·9 years) or male, having parents who were overweight/obese or having fathers with university education.
conclusionsThe double burden of malnutrition occurs in Indonesian children. Development of policy to combine the management of chronic under-nutrition and over-nutrition is required.
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