GuidelineJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2016
Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test.
Guideline in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacts of Physical Inactivity Models on Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of atorvastatin on subclinical atherosclerosis in virally-suppressed HIV-infected patients with CMV seropositivity: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.F1000Research · 2021Trial
- The effects of acute and sustained cannabidiol dosing for seven days on the haemodynamics in healthy men: A randomised controlled trial.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Sildenafil improves vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2018Trial
- The Impact of Obesity on Endothelial Function Following Maximal Aerobic Exercise.International journal of exercise science · 2026Article
- Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on vascular structure and function in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a comparative study.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2025Article
- Ultrasound Evaluation of the Effect of Impaired Vascular Dilation Function in Diabetic Patients on the Vasodilatory Effect of Nitroglycerin During the Perioperative Period - A Prospective Trial Cohort Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Enhancing flow-mediated dilation analysis by optimizing an open-source software with automated edge detection.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2024Article
- Evidence of premature vascular dysfunction in young adults who regularly use e-cigarettes and the impact of usage length.Angiogenesis · 2024Article
- Peripheral arterial elasticity changes derived by volume-oscillometry in reaction to hyperemia as a possible assessment of flow-mediated vasodilatation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A Prediction Equation to Estimate Vascular Endothelial Function in Different Body Mass Index Populations.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- The Link Between Childhood Adversity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Role of Cerebral and Systemic Vasculature.Function (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Reactive Hyperemia-Triggered Wrist Pulse Analysis for Early Monitoring of Young Men with High Atherosclerotic Risk.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels, endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in patients with stable coronary artery disease.Lipids in health and disease · 2021Article
- Sirt1 during childhood is associated with microvascular function later in life.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2020Article
- Assessment of resistance vessel function in human skeletal muscle: guidelines for experimental design, Doppler ultrasound, and pharmacology.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2020Review
- Association between human T cell leukemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection and advanced periodontitis in relation to hematopoietic activity among elderly participants: a cross-sectional study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Erectile Dysfunction: A Double-Blind, Randomized-Control Trial Using Tadalafil.Sexual medicine · 2019Article
- Peripheral arterial volume distensibility changes with applied external pressure: significant difference between arteries with different compliance.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of mortality and a major cause of disability worldwide. The dysfunction of the vascular endothelium is a pathological condition characterized mainly by a disruption in the balance between vasodilator and vasoconstrictor substances and is proposed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Therefore, a precise evaluation of endothelial function in humans represents an important tool that could help better understand the etiology of multiple cardio-centric pathologies. Over the past twenty-five years, many methodological approaches have been developed to provide an assessment of endothelial function in humans. Introduced in 1989, the FMD test incorporates a forearm occlusion and subsequent reactive hyperemia that promotes nitric oxide production and vasodilation of the brachial artery. The FMD test is now the most widely utilized, non-invasive, ultrasonic assessment of endothelial function in humans and has been associated with future cardiovascular events. Although the FMD test could have clinical utility, it is a physiological assessment that has inherited several confounding factors that need to be considered. This article describes a standardized protocol for determining FMD including the recommended methodology to help minimize the physiological and technical issues and improve the precision and reproducibility of the assessment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.