Trial reportBlood2016
Persistence of long-lived plasma cells and humoral immunity in individuals responding to CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy.
Trial report in Blood, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 155 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
155 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Donor origin CAR T cells: graft versus malignancy effect without GVHD, a systematic review.Immunotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- Case study of CD19 CAR T therapy in a subject with immune-mediate necrotizing myopathy treated in the RESET-Myositis phase I/II trial.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Trial
- Tisagenlecleucel immunogenicity in relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.Blood advances · 2021Trial
- Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy in non-oncological diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- CD19×CD3 bispecific T cell engager treatment induces remission in experimental pemphigoid disease.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Translating B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Targeting from Oncology to Autoimmunity: Modalities, Quantitative Bridging, and a Development Roadmap.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- B Cell Aplasia Following CAR T Cell Therapy: Incidence, Kinetics, Prognostic Implications, and Clinical Management.Cancers · 2026Review
- Inhibition of mitochondrial ROS by TACI sustains bone marrow plasma cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Multi-omic profiling of human antibody-secreting cells reveals diverse subsets sustain durable humoral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Influence of B cell-lineage targeted CAR-T cell therapy on humoral immunity and vaccine-induced antibody response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Clinical progress of engineered cellular immunotherapies for autoimmunity.Nature biotechnology · 2026Review
- CAR T cell therapy in autoantibody-mediated neurological disorders: a promising strategy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Plasmablast, memory B cell and T follicular helper cell responses after human papillomavirus vaccination: effect of dose number and age.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Can we cure autoimmunity?Current opinion in immunology · 2026Review
- Modeling the Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy to Eliminate Alloantibodies in Mice.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Advancements and expanding applications of CAR-T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Infections and CAR-T cells for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for rheumatic diseases: from B-cell depletion to immune reset and beyond.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
20 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the maintenance of long-lasting humoral immunity are not well understood. Studies in mice indicate that plasma cells (PCs) can survive up to a lifetime, even in the absence of regeneration by B cells, implying the presence of long-lived PCs as a mechanism for long-lasting immunity. Evidence from humans treated with anti-CD20, which depletes circulating B cells, also suggests B-cell-independent long-term survival of some PCs. On the other hand, antibody responses may be sustained solely by short-lived PCs with repopulation from clonally related memory B cells. To explore PC longevity and humoral immunity in humans, we investigated the fate of PCs and their antibodies in adult and pediatric patients who received chimeric antigen receptor-based adoptive T-cell immunotherapy targeting CD19 to treat B-cell lineage malignancies (CTL019). Treatment with CTL019 is frequently associated with B-cell aplasia that can persist for years. Serum antibody titers to vaccine-related antigens were measured, and quantitative assessment of B cells and PCs in blood and bone marrow was performed at various time points before and after CTL019 therapy. While total serum immunoglobulin concentrations decline following CTL019-induced B-cell aplasia, several vaccine/pathogen-specific serum immunoglobulin G and A (IgG and IgA) titers remain relatively stable for at least 6 and 12 months posttreatment, respectively. Analysis of bone marrow biopsies after CTL019 revealed 8 patients with persistence of antibody-secreting PCs at least 25 months post-CTL019 infusion despite absence of CD19(+)CD20(+) B cells. These results provide strong evidence for the existence of memory B-cell-independent, long-lived PCs in humans that contribute to long-lasting humoral immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.