SynthesisOncotarget2016
Extracellular miRNA-21 as a novel biomarker in glioma: Evidence from meta-analysis, clinical validation and experimental investigations.
Synthesis in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- miRNAs as therapeutic predictors and prognostic biomarkers of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the diagnostic value of exosomal miR-21 as a biomarker for the prediction of cancer.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2021Pooled it
- Prognostic value of miR-21 in gliomas: comprehensive study based on meta-analysis and TCGA dataset validation.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- The Impact of Air Pollution on Our Epigenome: How Far Is the Evidence? (A Systematic Review).Current environmental health reports · 2018Pooled it
- Urine and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for early glioma detection: a systematic review.Diagnostic and prognostic research · 2026Review
- Invasiveness-related microRNA expression in glioma: associations with clinical outcomes, tumor burden, and health-related quality of life.Cancer cell international · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-derived miR21 of non-tumoral origin as early diagnostic marker of glioma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Review
- Hsa-miR-21-5p and Hsa-miR-145-5p Expression: From Normal Tissue to Malignant Changes-Context-Dependent Correlation with Estrogen- and Hypoxia-Vascularization-Related Pathways Genes: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Liquid Biopsy-Derived Tumor Biomarkers for Clinical Applications in Glioblastoma.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Current Understanding of the Exosomes and Their Associated Biomolecules in the Glioblastoma Biology, Clinical Treatment, and Diagnosis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Plasma miRNA expression profile in pediatric pineal pure germinomas.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Cell-Free miRNAs as Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Brain Tumors.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Review
- microRNAs (miRNAs) in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)-Recent Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Circular Sponge against miR-21 Enhances the Antitumor Activity of Doxorubicin against Breast Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Recent insights into the microRNA-dependent modulation of gliomas from pathogenesis to diagnosis and treatment.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2022Review
- Circulating MicroRNAs as Cancer Biomarkers in Liquid Biopsies.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Review
- Article
- miRNA-21 may serve as a promising noninvasive marker of glioma with a high diagnostic performance: a pooled analysis of 997 patients.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating highlighting the importance of extracellular miRNA as a novel biomarker for diagnosing various kinds of malignancies. MiR-21 is one of the most studied miRNAs and is over-expressed in cancer tissues. To explore the clinical implications and secretory mechanisms of extracellular miR-21, we firstly meta-analyzed the diagnostic efficiency of extracellular miR-21 in different cancer types. Eighty-one studies based on 59 articles were finally included. In our study, extracellular miR-21 was observed to exhibit an outstanding diagnostic accuracy in detecting brain cancer (area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve or AUC = 0.94), and this accuracy was more obvious in glioma diagnosis (AUC = 0.95). Our validation study (n = 45) further confirmed the diagnostic and prognostic role of miR-21 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for glioma. These findings inspired us to explore the biological function of miR-21. We next conducted mechanistic investigations to explain the secretory mechanisms of extracellular miR-21 in glioma. TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was identified to participate in mediating the release of miR-21 from glioma cells. Further targeting TGF-β/Smad3 signaling using galunisertib, an inhibitor of the TGF-β type I receptor kinase, can attenuate the secretion of miR-21 from glioma cells. Taken together, CSF-based miR-21 might serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosing brain cancer, especially for patients with glioma. Moreover, extracellular levels of miR-21 were affected by exogenous TGF-β activity and galunisertib treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.