ArticleCancer cell2016
Comprehensive Characterization of Molecular Differences in Cancer between Male and Female Patients.
Article in Cancer cell, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 223 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
223 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer may Worsen Prognosis in Elderly Women: Retrospective Analysis of Individual Patient Data from the CLASSIC Study.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Trial
- Sex-based considerations in the choice for a TLR9 or TLR7/8 agonist to arm the sentinel lymph node in early-stage melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Proteomic Profiling Identifies Pregnancy Zone Protein as a Complement-Linked Marker of Adverse Prognosis in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Sex and base excision repair as key susceptibility factors for alkylation-induced mutations, toxicity and hepatic cancer.DNA repair · 2026Article
- Real-world pharmacovigilance signals of antibody-drug conjugates: reporting patterns by payload, linker, target, and sex in FAERS.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Deciphering the genetic underlying causes of sex differences in multiple myeloma incidence and mortality.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sex differences in gastric cancer mutational burden reflect MLH1-associated epigenetic regulation.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Molecular mechanisms and clinical impacts of sex differences in urologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Sex-based immune differences influence tumor progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Oral oncology · 2026Article
- Impact of sex on chemotherapy toxicity and efficacy in biliary tract cancer: Analysis of ABC, BILCAP trials and population data.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- Demography-dependent variability in the human tumor mycobiome.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The Evolving Burden of Colorectal Cancer in South Asia: A GBD-Based Analysis of Trends, Risk Factors, and Projections to 2035.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2026Article
- Quantifying rate-limiting genetic variation in breast and ovarian tumourigenesis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- SexTumorDB: a comprehensive resource of sex-dependent tumor landscape at single-cell resolution.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Age- and sex-based differences in the genomic profiles of patients with gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the cancer proteome.BMJ oncology · 2026Article
163 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An individual's sex has been long recognized as a key factor affecting cancer incidence, prognosis, and treatment responses. However, the molecular basis for sex disparities in cancer remains poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive analysis of molecular differences between male and female patients in 13 cancer types of The Cancer Genome Atlas and revealed two sex-effect groups associated with distinct incidence and mortality profiles. One group contains a small number of sex-affected genes, whereas the other shows much more extensive sex-biased molecular signatures. Importantly, 53% of clinically actionable genes (60/114) show sex-biased signatures. Our study provides a systematic molecular-level understanding of sex effects in diverse cancers and suggests a pressing need to develop sex-specific therapeutic strategies in certain cancer types.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.