ArticleInternational journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance2016
Effects of in vitro exposure to ivermectin and levamisole on the expression patterns of ABC transporters in Haemonchus contortus larvae.
Article in International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical role of P-Glycoprotein-9 in ivermectin tolerance in nematodes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- P-glycoprotein-9-mediated multidrug tolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- In vitro analysis of the activities of commercial anthelmintics in the presence of inhibitors of xenobiotic detoxification pathways in Haemonchus contortus exsheathed L3 stage.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Article
- The mrp-3 gene is involved in haem efflux and detoxification in a blood-feeding nematode.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Effect of Ivermectin on the Expression of P-Glycoprotein in Third-Stage Larvae ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Importance of ABC Transporters in the Survival of Parasitic Nematodes and the Prospect for the Development of Novel Control Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for treating sarcoptic mange with cross-relevance to Australian wildlife.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2023Review
- Repertoire of P-glycoprotein drug transporters in the zoonotic nematode Toxocara canis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Allele specific PCR for a major marker of levamisole resistance in Haemonchus contortus.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Drug efficacy on zoonotic nematodes of the Anisakidae family: new metabolic data.Parasitology · 2022Article
- Proteomic Comparison of Ivermectin Sensitive and ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Comparative analysis on transcriptomics of ivermectin resistant and susceptible strains of Haemonchus contortus.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Ivermectin-induced gene expression changes in adult Parascaris univalens and Caenorhabditis elegans: a comparative approach to study anthelminthic metabolism and resistance in vitro.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Sensitivity of Haemonchus contortus to anthelmintics using different in vitro screening assays: a comparative study.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
- Sub-lethal doses of albendazole induce drug metabolizing enzymes and increase albendazole deactivation in Haemonchus contortus adults.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Transcriptional responses in Parascaris univalens after in vitro exposure to ivermectin, pyrantel citrate and thiabendazole.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Article
- Differential ABC transporter gene expression in adult Dirofilaria immitis males and females following in vitro treatment with ivermectin, doxycycline or a combination of both.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated the interaction of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins with ivermectin (IVM) and levamisole (LEV) in larvae of susceptible and resistant isolates of Haemonchus contortus in vitro by measuring transcription patterns following exposure to these anthelmintics. Furthermore, we studied the consequences of drug exposure by measuring the sensitivity of L3 to subsequent exposure to higher drug concentrations using larval migration assays. The most highly transcribed transporter genes in both susceptible and resistant L3 were pgp-9.3, abcf-1, mrp-5, abcf-2, pgp-3, and pgp-10. The resistant isolate showed significantly higher transcription of pgp-1, pgp-9.1 and pgp-9.2 compared to the susceptible isolate. Five P-gp genes and the haf-6 gene showed significantly higher transcription (up to 12.6-fold) after 3 h exposure to IVM in the resistant isolate. Similarly, five P-gp genes, haf-6 and abcf-1 were transcribed at significantly higher levels (up to 10.3-fold) following 3 h exposure to LEV in this isolate. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in transcriptional patterns of all transporter genes in the susceptible isolate following 3 and 6 h exposure to IVM or LEV. In contrast to these isolate-specific transcription changes, both isolates showed an increase in R-123 efflux following exposure to the drugs, suggesting that the drugs stimulated activity of existing transporter proteins in both isolates. Exposure of resistant larvae to IVM or LEV resulted, in some instances, in an increase in the proportion of the population able to migrate at the highest IVM concentrations in subsequent migration assays. The significant increase in transcription of some ABC transporter genes following 3 h exposure to both IVM and LEV in the resistant isolate only, suggests that an ability to rapidly upregulate protective pathways in response to drugs may be a component of the resistance displayed by this isolate.
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