ArticlePloS one2016
Anemia, Micronutrient Deficiencies, and Malaria in Children and Women in Sierra Leone Prior to the Ebola Outbreak - Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the Discriminatory Ability of Hemoglobin Concentration to Predict Iron Stores in Cambodian Females: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the nutritional status and micronutrient gaps in Sierra Leone: a systematic rapid review of women, children, and adolescents.BMC nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and Determinants of Stunting-Anemia and Wasting-Anemia Comorbidities and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children Under 5 in the Least-Developed Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Nutrition reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Global folate status in women of reproductive age: a systematic review with emphasis on methodological issues.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Safety and immunogenicity of the two-dose heterologous Ad26.ZEBOV and MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine regimen in children in Sierra Leone: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Trial
- A novel average treatment effect estimation approach for integrated incomplete datasets, with application in childhood anemia.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
- Impact of asymptomatic malaria infection on children's growth in rural Malawi.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Understanding Stunting: Impact, Causes, and Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Reduction-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- The link between child dietary diversity and child anemia: The power of colorful plates.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Anaemia and associated factors among children aged 6-59 months during the post-ebola period in Sierra Leone: a national cross-sectional survey- 2019.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Predictors of insecticide-treated bed nets use among pregnant women in Sierra Leone: evidence from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Predictors of anaemia in mothers and children in Uttar Pradesh, India.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary micronutrients intake and its effect on haemoglobin levels of pregnant women for clinic visit in the Mount Cameroon health area: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Integrating and coordinating programs for the management of anemia across the life course.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023Article
- Anemia Among Women Using Family Planning at Public Health Facilities in Ambo Town, Central Ethiopia: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of blood medicine · 2023Article
- Profiling household double and triple burden of malnutrition in sub-Saharan Africa: prevalence and influencing household factors.Public health nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To identify the factors associated with anemia and to document the severity of micronutrient deficiencies, malaria and inflammation, a nationally representative cross-sectional survey was conducted. A three-stage sampling procedure was used to randomly select children <5 years of age and adult women from households in two strata (urban and rural). Household and individual data were collected, and blood samples from children and women were used to measure the prevalence of malaria, inflammation, and deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, folate, and vitamin B12. 839 children and 945 non-pregnant women were included in the survey. In children, the prevalence rates of anemia (76.3%; 95% CI: 71.8, 80.4), malaria (52.6%; 95% CI: 46.0, 59.0), and acute and chronic inflammation (72.6%; 95% CI: 67.5, 77.1) were high. However, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (17.4%; 95% CI: 13.9, 21.6) was moderate, and the prevalence of iron deficiency (5.2%; 95% CI: 3.3, 8.1) and iron-deficiency anemia (3.8%; 95% CI: 2.5, 5.8) were low. Malaria and inflammation were associated with anemia, yet they explained only 25% of the population-attributable risk. In women, 44.8% (95% CI: 40.1, 49.5), 35.1% (95% CI: 30.1, 40.4), and 23.6% (95% CI: 20.4, 27.3) were affected by anemia, malaria, or inflammation, respectively. The prevalence rates of iron deficiency (8.3%; 95% CI: 6.2, 11.1), iron-deficiency anemia (6.1%; 95% CI: 4.4, 8.6), vitamin A deficiency (2.1%; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.1) and vitamin B12 deficiency (0.5%; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.4) were low, while folate deficiency was high (79.2%; 95% CI: 74.1, 83.5). Iron deficiency, malaria, and inflammation were significantly associated with anemia, but explained only 25% of cases of anemia. Anemia in children and women is a severe public health problem in Sierra Leone. Since malaria and inflammation only contributed to 25% of anemia, other causes of anemia, such as hemoglobinopathies, should also be explored.
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