ArticleChemistry Central journal2016
Surface tension examination of various liquid oral, nasal, and ophthalmic dosage forms.
Article in Chemistry Central journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Using Natural Deep Eutectic Systems as Alternative Media for Ocular Applications.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- A Supine Position and Dual-Dose Applications Enhance Spray Dosing to the Posterior Nose: Paving the Way for Mucosal Immunization.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Advancing Reverse Electrowetting-on-Dielectric from Planar to Rough Surface Electrodes for High Power Density Energy Harvesting.Energy technology (Weinheim, Germany) · 2022Article
- Development and Characterization of a Tacrolimus/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Eye Drop.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Anti-staphylococcal activity and mode of action of thioridazine photoproducts.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of 6-O-α-Maltosyl-β-Cyclodextrin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against Niemann-Pick Disease Type C.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Article
- Development of prednisolone-containing eye drop formulations by cyclodextrin complexation and antimicrobial, mucoadhesive biopolymer.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Surface tension at the surface-to-air interface is a physico-chemical property of liquid pharmaceutical formulations that are often overlooked. To determine if a trend between surface tension and route of administration exists, a suite of oral, nasal, and ophthalmic drug formulations were analyzed. The surface tension at the surface-to-air interface of the oral formulations studied were in or above the range of the surface tension of gastric, duodenum, and jejunum fluids. The range of surface tensions for oral formulations were 36.6-64.7 dynes/cm. Nasal formulations had surface tensions below that of the normal mucosal lining fluid with a range of 30.3-44.9 dynes/cm. Ophthalmic OTC formulations had the largest range of surface tensions at the surface-to-air interface of 34.3-70.9 dynes/cm; however, all formulations indicated for treatment of dry eye had surface tensions higher than that of normal tears, while those for treatment of red eye had surface tensions below. Therefore, surface tension at the surface-to-air interface of liquid formulations is dependent on the route of administration, environment at site of introduction, and for ophthalmics, what the formulation is indicated for.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.