Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27162336›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016

Increasing importance of deposition of reduced nitrogen in the United States.

Yi Li, Bret A Schichtel, John T Walker, Donna B Schwede, Xi Chen, Christopher M B Lehmann, Melissa A Puchalski, David A Gay, Jeffrey L Collett

Open access · bronzeAbstract readCase Reports
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
29.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 482 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Global Nitrogen Deposition Promotes Carbon Sink Formation in Terrestrial Ecosystems.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Yi LiDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;
Bret A SchichtelNational Park Service, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523;
John T WalkerOffice of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
Donna B SchwedeOffice of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
Xi ChenOffice of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711;
Christopher M B LehmannNational Atmospheric Deposition Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820;
Melissa A PuchalskiClean Air Markets Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460.
David A GayNational Atmospheric Deposition Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820;
Jeffrey L CollettDepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; collett@atmos.colostate.edu.
Colorado State University · USEnvironmental Protection Agency · USResearch Triangle Park Foundation · USUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rapid development of agriculture and fossil fuel combustion greatly increased US reactive nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere in the second half of the 20th century, resulting in excess nitrogen deposition to natural ecosystems. Recent efforts to lower nitrogen oxides emissions have substantially decreased nitrate wet deposition. Levels of wet ammonium deposition, by contrast, have increased in many regions. Together these changes have altered the balance between oxidized and reduced nitrogen deposition. Across most of the United States, wet deposition has transitioned from being nitrate-dominated in the 1980s to ammonium-dominated in recent years. Ammonia has historically not been routinely measured because there are no specific regulatory requirements for its measurement. Recent expansion in ammonia observations, however, along with ongoing measurements of nitric acid and fine particle ammonium and nitrate, permit new insight into the balance of oxidized and reduced nitrogen in the total (wet + dry) US nitrogen deposition budget. Observations from 37 sites reveal that reduced nitrogen contributes, on average, ∼65% of the total inorganic nitrogen deposition budget. Dry deposition of ammonia plays an especially key role in nitrogen deposition, contributing from 19% to 65% in different regions. Future progress toward reducing US nitrogen deposition will be increasingly difficult without a reduction in ammonia emissions.

Indexed as

AgricultureAmmoniaAtmosphereConservation of Natural ResourcesEcosystemEnvironmental MonitoringEnvironmental PollutantsHumansNitratesNitric AcidNitrogenNitrogen OxidesOxidation-ReductionUnited StatesVehicle EmissionsAmmoniaEnvironmental PollutantsNitratesNitric AcidNitrogenNitrogen OxidesVehicle Emissionsagricultureammoniadry depositionnitrogen oxideswet deposition

Identifiers

PMID27162336
PMCPMC4889379
OpenAlexW2380865741

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.