Observational studyDiabetes, obesity & metabolism2016
Rates and predictors of hypoglycaemia in 27 585 people from 24 countries with insulin-treated type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the global HAT study.
Observational study in Diabetes, obesity & metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01696266 (An International Survey on Hypoglycaemia Among Insulin-treated Patients With Diabetes), which is not on this map. Cited by 149 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An International Survey on Hypoglycaemia Among Insulin-treated Patients With Diabetes
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia burden in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating basal insulin in Europe and the USA.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2017Pooled it
- Factors influencing insulin requirements in using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily injections in type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Trial
- Human regular U-500 insulin via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in adults with type 2 diabetes: The VIVID study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2020Trial
- Lower rates of hypoglycaemia in older individuals with type 2 diabetes using insulin degludec versus insulin glargine U100: Results from SWITCH 2.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2019Trial
- Hypoglycaemia incidence and recovery during home use of hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery in adults with type 1 diabetes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Hypoglycaemia Was Not Associated With Depression, Anxiety, Diabetes Distress or Fear of Hypoglycaemia Scores in People With Type 1 or Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes in the Hypo-METRICS Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Progression From Level 1 to Level 2 Sensor-Detected Hypoglycaemia in People With Type 1 and Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: A Post Hoc Analysis From the Hypo-METRICS Study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for predicting in-hospital hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Incidence and factors associated with hypoglycemia in newly diagnosed hospitalized children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus in China.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2026Article
- Risk factors for hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes: a retrospective analysis of electronic medical record data.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Transforming hypoglycemia prediction in adult type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis for precision care.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- Characterizing facilitators and barriers to Hypoglycemic Confidence among patients with diabetes: a qualitative descriptive study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cost-Utility Analysis of FreeStyle Libre Systems in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Treatment with Basal Insulin and Poor Glycemic Control in Spain.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Article
- Real-world incidence and risk factors of level 3 (severe) hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 or 2 diabetes (iNPHORM, United States).Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Post-hypoglycemic nocturnal hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes: the Somogyi hypothesis revisited.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Comparison of continuous glucose monitoring profiles during the day and night in healthy and diabetic cats.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 15 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo determine the global extent of hypoglycaemia experienced by patients with diabetes using insulin, as there is a lack of data on the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in developed and developing countries.
methodsThis non-interventional, multicentre, 6-month retrospective and 4-week prospective study using self-assessment questionnaire and patient diaries included 27 585 patients, aged ≥18 years, with type 1 diabetes (T1D; n = 8022) or type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 19 563) treated with insulin for >12 months, at 2004 sites in 24 countries worldwide. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients experiencing at least one hypoglycaemic event during the observational period.
resultsDuring the prospective period, 83.0% of patients with T1D and 46.5% of patients with T2D reported hypoglycaemia. Rates of any, nocturnal and severe hypoglycaemia were 73.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 72.6-74.0], 11.3 (95% CI 11.0-11.6) and 4.9 (95% CI 4.7-5.1) events/patient-year for T1D and 19.3 (95% CI 19.1-19.6), 3.7 (95% CI 3.6-3.8) and 2.5 events/patient-year (95% CI 2.4-2.5) for T2D, respectively. The highest rates of any hypoglycaemia were observed in Latin America for T1D and Russia for T2D. Glycated haemoglobin level was not a significant predictor of hypoglycaemia.
conclusionsWe report hypoglycaemia rates in a global population, including those in countries without previous data. Overall hypoglycaemia rates were high, with large variations between geographical regions. Further investigation into these differences may help to optimize therapy and reduce the risk of hypoglycaemia.
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