Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27160843›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2016

Nasal and conjunctival screening prior to refractive surgery: an observational and cross-sectional study.

Koji Kitazawa, Chie Sotozono, Masako Sakamoto, Miho Sasaki, Osamu Hieda, Toshihide Yamasaki, Shigeru Kinoshita

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
1.8field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Corneal infection complicating acute corneal hydrops in keratoconus patients.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2025
    Article
  2. Article
  3. [Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis infectious keratitis: Clinical and microbiological profile].Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2022
    Article
  4. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Koji KitazawaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Baptist Eye Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.
Chie SotozonoDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Masako SakamotoResearch Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
Miho SasakiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Osamu HiedaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Toshihide YamasakiBaptist Eye Clinic, Kyoto, Japan.
Shigeru KinoshitaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine · JPMinamiaoyama Eye Clinic · JPOsaka University · JP

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo investigate bacterial flora of clinically healthy conjunctiva and nasal cavity among patients prior to refractive surgery, as well as the characteristics of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation.

designObservational and cross-sectional study.

settingA single-centre study in Japan.

participants120 consecutive patients pre-refractive surgery. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES

methodsSamples were obtained from the right conjunctival sac and the nasal cavity of 120 consecutive patients prior to refractive surgery and were then measured for the levels of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics. Patients were interviewed regarding their occupation, family living situation and any personal history of atopic dermatitis, asthma, smoking or contact lens wear.

resultsPropionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) (32.5%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.2%) were detected from the conjunctival sac. S. epidermidis was the most commonly isolated (68.3%) in the nasal cavity. Of the 30 patients (25.0%) with colonisation by S. aureus, 2 patients, both of whom were healthcare workers with atopic dermatitis, were found to be positive for MRSA in the nasal cavity. A history of contact lens wear, asthma or smoking, as well as patient gender and age, was not associated with MRSA colonisation.

conclusionsThere were only 2 patients who were colonised with MRSA, both of whom were healthcare workers with atopic dermatitis. P. acnes was predominantly found in the conjunctival sac. Further study is needed to investigate the involvement between nasal and conjunctival flora, and risk factors for infectious complications.

Indexed as

AdultCarrier StateConjunctivaCorynebacteriumCross-Sectional StudiesDermatitis, AtopicFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansJapanMaleMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusNasal CavityPreoperative CarePropionibacterium acnesRefractive Surgical Proceduresinfectious keratitisLASIKMRSAnasal colonizationrefractive surgery

Identifiers

PMID27160843
PMCPMC4874159
OpenAlexW2346234352

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.