ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Mucosal adjuvants: Opportunities and challenges.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Development of in vitro airway epithelial model to assess immune response and safety of mucosal adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Intranasal Delivery of HIV/SIV Antigens with NE/AS01B Adjuvants Enhances Cellular Immunity and Reduces Viral Loads in SHIV-Challenged Macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Protein nanocages: A new frontier in mucosal vaccine delivery and immune activation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Conserved CD8 T cell vaccines without B cell epitopes drive robust protection against SARS-CoV-2 that is enhanced by intranasal boost.Science advances · 2025Article
- Advances and prospects of respiratory mucosal vaccines: mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications.NPJ vaccines · 2025Review
- Hydrogels in Veterinary Vaccine Development: Types, Mechanisms, and Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Antigen-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene Glycol 25% Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Preliminary Study on Type I Interferon as a Mucosal Adjuvant for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus F Protein.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Mucosal immunization with the lung Lactobacillus-derived amphiphilic exopolysaccharide adjuvanted recombinant vaccine improved protection against P. aeruginosa infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Importance of adjuvant selection in tuberculosis vaccine development: Exploring basic mechanisms and clinical implications.Vaccine: X · 2023Review
- Assessing the Adjuvant Effect of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) on BALB/c Mice.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- An updated review on oral protein-based antigen vaccines efficiency and delivery approaches: a special attention to infectious diseases.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Recent progress in application of nanovaccines for enhancing mucosal immune responses.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- New-age vaccine adjuvants, their development, and future perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 spike-based immunisation adjuvanted with polyethyleneimine elicits mucosal and systemic humoral responses in mice.Journal of immunological methods · 2022Article
- Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most pathogens access the body via mucosal surfaces. Mucosal vaccination is a highly effective and recommended method to prevent mucosally transmitted infections. Compared with immunization via intramuscular injection, mucosal immunization offers remarkable advantages, including non-invasiveness, low costs and reduced risk of transmission of blood-borne diseases, which make it more acceptable to human beings, especially to young children. However, only few mucosal vaccines are licensed for human, which is mainly due to the deficiency of safe and effective mucosal adjuvants. Adjuvants, as important components of most vaccines, are essential to enhance immunity and induce immune memory. The development of mucosal adjuvants, unfortunately, has been severely hampered by research strategies based on empiric trials and non-comprehensive methods for safety evaluation. Therefore, changing the research and development strategies of mucosal adjuvant field from empiricism based discovery to rational design based invention is highly demanded. The change of strategies mainly depends upon clarification of mechanism of mucosal adjuvant activity though a combination of life science, information science and materials science.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.