ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2016
Clostridium difficile infection.
Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 535 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
535 citing papers in PubMed, 850 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of CRS3123 in adults with a primary episode or first recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, multicentre, vancomycin-controlled study.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm (REBYOTA®), Among Patients Exposed to Non-Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- BeyondEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic insight intoEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Genomic evolution and re-emergence of a multidrug-resistantEmerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in liver transplant patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Identification and Characterization of Patient Populations at High Risk for Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI): A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Review
- Laboratory-DetectedHealth science reports · 2026Article
- Acquisition of a gene cluster inmSphere · 2026Article
- Influence of COVID-19 on Clinical Outcomes ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Balancing act of cytokines in controlling the severity ofInfection and immunity · 2026Review
- Burden of Clostridioides difficile infection in China, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Efficacy Outcomes of Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm in Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection from Seven Clinical Studies.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Review
- Phase variable colony morphotypes ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for Early Severity Prediction inMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Repurposing azole antifungals as rapid bactericidal, membrane-disruptive therapeutics againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Analysis of gut microbiota in super donors for fecal microbiota transplantation and isolated gut commensal bacteria of inhibition against Clostridioides difficile.Intestinal research · 2026Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting Bacterial Infections: A Broad Review of the Field.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Review
475 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Infection of the colon with the Gram-positive bacterium Clostridium difficile is potentially life threatening, especially in elderly people and in patients who have dysbiosis of the gut microbiota following antimicrobial drug exposure. C. difficile is the leading cause of health-care-associated infective diarrhoea. The life cycle of C. difficile is influenced by antimicrobial agents, the host immune system, and the host microbiota and its associated metabolites. The primary mediators of inflammation in C. difficile infection (CDI) are large clostridial toxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), and, in some bacterial strains, the binary toxin CDT. The toxins trigger a complex cascade of host cellular responses to cause diarrhoea, inflammation and tissue necrosis - the major symptoms of CDI. The factors responsible for the epidemic of some C. difficile strains are poorly understood. Recurrent infections are common and can be debilitating. Toxin detection for diagnosis is important for accurate epidemiological study, and for optimal management and prevention strategies. Infections are commonly treated with specific antimicrobial agents, but faecal microbiota transplants have shown promise for recurrent infections. Future biotherapies for C. difficile infections are likely to involve defined combinations of key gut microbiota.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.