ArticleTexas public health journal2015
Rural-Urban Differences in Late-Stage Breast Cancer: Do Associations Differ by Rural-Urban Classification System?
Article in Texas public health journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relationship Between Social Determinants of Health and Domains of Care Addressed During Pediatric Palliative Care Visits for Children with Cancer.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Survival Disparities Among Children With High-Risk Neuroblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group Report.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Disparities in Cancer Stage of Diagnosis by Rurality in California, 2015 to 2019.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Same People, Different Results: Categorizing Cancer Registry Cases Across the Rural-Urban Continuum.WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin · 2024Article
- Breast Cancer Risk Factors among Women with Solid Breast Lesions.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- Shifting Sociodemographic Characteristics of a Phase I Clinical Trial Population at an NCI-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in the Southeast.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Improving rural cancer prevention: targeted data and understanding rural-specific factors and lived experiences.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Cancer Outcomes: Opportunities for Future Research.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Review
- Definition and categorization of rural and assessment of realized access to care.Health services research · 2022Article
- Rural-Urban Differences in Breast Cancer Stage at Diagnosis.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Disparities in Cancer Survival Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Population-Based Study of 88 000 Patients.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2021Article
- Preferences for breast cancer survivorship care by rural/urban residence and age at diagnosis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020Article
- Multilevel analysis in rural cancer control: A conceptual framework and methodological implications.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Continuous Rural-Urban Coding for Cancer Disparity Studies: Is It Appropriate for Statistical Analysis?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Rural-Urban Residence and Stage at Breast Cancer Diagnosis Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women's Health Initiative.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Article
- Rural Women's Perceptions About Cancer Disparities and Contributing Factors: a Call to Communication.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2018Article
- Hispanic and Immigrant Paradoxes in U.S. Breast Cancer Mortality: Impact of Neighborhood Poverty and Hispanic Density.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Effect Modification of the Association Between Race and Stage at Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis by Socioeconomic Status.Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMPArticle
- Impact of Access to Breast Care For West Texas Program on Early Detection and Regional Breast Cancer Mortality.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRural residence is associated with later stage of breast cancer diagnosis in some but not all prior studies. The lack of a standardized definition of rural residence may contribute to these mixed findings. We characterize and compare multiple definitions of rural vs. non-rural residence to provide guidance regarding choice of measures and to further elucidate rural disparities in breast cancer stage at diagnosis.
methodsWe used Texas Cancer Registry data of 120,738 female breast cancer patients ≥50 years old diagnosed between 1995-2009. We defined rural vs. non-rural residence using 7 different measures and examined their agreement using Kappa statistics. Measures were defined at various geographic levels: county, ZIP code, census tract, and census block group. Late-stage was defined as regional or distant disease. For each measure, we tested the association of rural residence and late-stage cancer with unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression. Covariates included: age; patient race/ethnicity; diagnosis year; census block group-level mammography capacity; and census tract-level percent poverty, percent Hispanic, and percent Black.
resultsWe found moderate to high levels of agreement between measures of rural vs. non-rural residence. For 72.9% of all patients, all 7 definitions agreed as to rural vs. non-rural residence. Overall, 6 of 7 definitions demonstrated an adverse association between rural residence and late-stage disease in unadjusted and adjusted models (Adjusted OR Range = 1.09-1.14). DISCUSSION: Our results document a clear rural disadvantage in late-stage breast cancer. We contribute to the heterogeneous literature by comparing varied measures of rural residence. We recommend use of the census tract-level Rural Urban Commuting Area Codes in future cancer outcomes research where small area data are available.
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27158685PMC4857198What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
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