ArticleOncogene2016
MIF-CD74 signaling impedes microglial M1 polarization and facilitates brain tumorigenesis.
Article in Oncogene, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 101 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptome Analysis Identifies a Myeloid-Like Signature in Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients With Poor Response to CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Trial
- Dissecting Intra-Tumoral Changes Following Immune Checkpoint Blockades in Intrahepatic CholangiocarcinomaFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- MIF-Induced CD74+ Microglia and Macrophages Promote Progression of Brain Metastasis and Are Clinically Relevant across Central Nervous System Disorders.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Phagocytic remodeling in CD74Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Targeting CD74 may mitigate immune-escape features and enhance BCMA CAR-T activity in preclinical models of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- CD74 deficiency protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity through RRM2-mediated regulation of ferroptosis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Unveiling DEFB1 as a novel driver and promising therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Differential expression of CD74 and C1QB in jaw versus long bone osteosarcoma: Insights from animal models, public datasets and clinical cohorts.Journal of bone oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- CD44/POU2F2/BCL9L axis mediates MIF-driven SPP1International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of glioma-associated macrophages identifies detoxification and energetic macrophages as drivers of immunosuppression and therapeutic vulnerability.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Breast cancer brain metastasis: mechanisms, emerging biomarkers, and therapeutic opportunities.American journal of cancer research · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomics of glioblastoma defines biologically and clinically significant reprogramming patterns across unique spatial microenvironments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Integrative transcriptomic analysis reveals oligodendrocyte lineage switching in multiple sclerosis.Life science alliance · 2025Article
- Integrated single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals that EZH2 regulates the MIF-CD74 axis to modulate T cell activation and exhaustion in hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Parkin modulates the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment by regulating PD-1/PD-L1 signalling.Journal of advanced research · 2025Article
- Multiomics integration analysis identifies tumor cell-derived MIF as a therapeutic target and potentiates anti-PD-1 therapy in osteosarcoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Meta_B cells: a computationally identified candidate immunosuppressive driver of gastric cancer metastasis revealed by single-cell analysis and machine learning.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- UHRF1 in Immune Regulation and Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Early transcriptional and cellular abnormalities in choroid plexus of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglial cells in the brain tumor microenvironment are associated with enhanced glioma malignancy. They persist in an immunosuppressive M2 state at the peritumoral site and promote the growth of gliomas. Here, we investigated the underlying factors contributing to the abolished immune surveillance. We show that brain tumors escape pro-inflammatory M1 conversion of microglia via CD74 activation through the secretion of the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which results in a M2 shift of microglial cells. Interruption of this glioma-microglial interaction through an antibody-neutralizing approach or small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated inhibition prolongs survival time in glioma-implanted mice by reinstating the microglial pro-inflammatory M1 function. We show that MIF-CD74 signaling inhibits interferon (IFN)-γ secretion in microglia through phosphorylation of microglial ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2). The inhibition of MIF signaling or its receptor CD74 promotes IFN-γ release and amplifies tumor death either through pharmacological inhibition or through siRNA-mediated knockdown. The reinstated IFN-γ secretion leads both to direct inhibition of glioma growth as well as inducing a M2 to M1 shift in glioma-associated microglia. Our data reveal that interference with the MIF signaling pathway represents a viable therapeutic option for the restoration of IFN-γ-driven immune surveillance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.