Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27157411›Full record

ReviewBiochemical pharmacology2016

Vaccine technologies: From whole organisms to rationally designed protein assemblies.

Christopher P Karch, Peter Burkhard

Abstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biochemical pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Human anthrax vaccines: Current status and future prospects.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Towards precision epitopes based vaccine againstBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Christopher P KarchThe Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States.
Peter BurkhardThe Institute of Materials Science, 97 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, 93 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, United States. Electronic address: peter.burkhard@uconn.edu.
University of Connecticut · US

Funding

A Peptide Nanoparticle Nicotine VaccineDP1DA033524 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI BURKHARD, PETER · 2011 to 2015
$3.9M
NIDA NIH HHS DP1 DA033524
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vaccines have been the single most significant advancement in public health, preventing morbidity and mortality in millions of people annually. Vaccine development has traditionally focused on whole organism vaccines, either live attenuated or inactivated vaccines. While successful for many different infectious diseases whole organisms are expensive to produce, require culture of the infectious agent, and have the potential to cause vaccine associated disease in hosts. With advancing technology and a desire to develop safe, cost effective vaccine candidates, the field began to focus on the development of recombinantly expressed antigens known as subunit vaccines. While more tolerable, subunit vaccines tend to be less immunogenic. Attempts have been made to increase immunogenicity with the addition of adjuvants, either immunostimulatory molecules or an antigen delivery system that increases immune responses to vaccines. An area of extreme interest has been the application of nanotechnology to vaccine development, which allows for antigens to be expressed on a particulate delivery system. One of the most exciting examples of nanovaccines are rationally designed protein nanoparticles. These nanoparticles use some of the basic tenants of structural biology, biophysical chemistry, and vaccinology to develop protective, safe, and easily manufactured vaccines. Rationally developed nanoparticle vaccines are one of the most promising candidates for the future of vaccine development.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAllergy and ImmunologyAnimalsAntigensBiopharmaceuticsChemistry, PharmaceuticalCommunicable Disease ControlCommunicable DiseasesDrug Delivery SystemsDrug DesignHistory, 19th CenturyHistory, 20th CenturyHistory, 21st CenturyHumansNanoparticlesProtein EngineeringAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntigensRecombinant ProteinsVaccinesVaccines, SubunitVaccines, SyntheticVeterinary DrugsAdjuvantNanoparticlesRationally designedSAPNVaccine

Identifiers

PMID27157411
PMCPMC5079805
OpenAlexW2346561474

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.